The Five Chapters

1.

The Chapter on Action

482. The four legal acts. An act for which permission ought to be asked, a legal act at which a motion is put, a legal act at which a motion is put and is followed by one proclamation, a legal act at which a motion is put and is followed by three proclamations - these are the four legal acts. In how many ways do they fail? These four legal acts fail in five ways - either regarding the case or regarding the motion or regarding the proclamation or regarding the boundary or regarding the assembly.

483. How do legal acts fail regarding the case? He performs an act requiring presence without presence - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case; he performs an act requiring questioning without questioning - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case; he performs an act requiring acknowledgment without acknowledgment - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case; he gives a verdict of past insanity to one deserving a verdict of innocence - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case; he performs a decision for specific depravity on one deserving a verdict of past insanity - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case; he performs a legal act of censure on one deserving a decision for specific depravity - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case; he performs a legal act of guidance on one deserving a legal act of censure - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case; he performs an act of banishment on one deserving a legal act of guidance - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case; he performs a legal act of reconciliation on one deserving an act of banishment - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case; he performs a legal act of suspension on one deserving a legal act of reconciliation - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case; he gives probation to one deserving a legal act of suspension - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case; he sends back to the beginning one deserving probation - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case; he gives penance to one deserving to be sent back to the beginning - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case; he rehabilitates one deserving penance - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case; he gives full ordination to one deserving rehabilitation - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case; he performs the Observance on a non-Observance day - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case; he invites to admonish on a non-invitation ceremony day - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case. Thus legal acts fail regarding the case.

484. How do legal acts fail regarding the motion? Legal acts fail regarding the motion in five ways - one does not fondle the case, one does not fondle the Community, one does not fondle the person, one does not fondle the motion, or one puts forward the motion afterwards - legal acts fail regarding the motion in these five ways.

485. How do legal acts fail regarding the proclamation? Legal acts fail regarding the proclamation in five ways - one does not fondle the case, one does not fondle the Community, one does not fondle the person, one omits the announcement, or one announces at the wrong time - legal acts fail regarding the proclamation in these five ways.

486. How do legal acts fail regarding the boundary? By eleven ways legal acts fail regarding the boundary - one authorises a too small boundary, one authorises a too large boundary, one authorises a boundary with broken signs, one authorises a boundary with shadow as sign, one authorises a signless boundary, one standing outside the boundary authorises a boundary, one authorises a boundary in a river, one authorises a boundary in the sea, one authorises a boundary in a natural lake, one overlaps a boundary with a boundary, one overpowers a boundary with a boundary - by these eleven ways legal acts fail regarding the boundary.

487. How do legal acts fail regarding the assembly? By twelve modes legal acts fail regarding the assembly - in a legal act requiring a group of four, however many monks are competent for legal acts, they have not come, the consent of those deserving to send consent has not been brought, those present protest; in a legal act requiring a group of four, however many monks are competent for legal acts, they have come, the consent of those deserving to send consent has not been brought, those present protest; in a legal act requiring a group of four, however many monks are competent for legal acts, they have come, the consent of those deserving to send consent has been brought, those present protest. In a legal act requiring a group of five, etc. In a legal act requiring a group of ten, etc. in a legal act requiring a group of twenty, however many monks are competent for legal acts, they have not come, the consent of those deserving to send consent has not been brought, those present protest; in a legal act requiring a group of twenty, however many monks are competent for legal acts, they have come, the consent of those deserving to send consent has not been brought, those present protest; in a legal act requiring a group of twenty, however many monks are competent for legal acts, they have come, the consent of those deserving to send consent has been brought, those present protest - by these twelve modes legal acts fail regarding the assembly.

488. In a legal act requiring a group of four, four monks who are regular are competent for legal acts, the remaining regular monks are deserving to send consent. He against whom the monastic community performs a legal act is indeed not competent for legal acts nor deserving to send consent, but he is entitled to take part in. In a legal act requiring a group of five, five monks who are regular are competent for legal acts, the remaining regular monks are deserving to send consent. He against whom the monastic community performs a legal act is indeed not competent for legal acts nor deserving to send consent, but he is entitled to take part in. In a legal act requiring a group of ten, ten monks who are regular are competent for legal acts, the remaining regular monks are deserving to send consent. He against whom the monastic community performs a legal act is indeed not competent for legal acts nor deserving to send consent, but he is entitled to take part in. In a legal act requiring a group of twenty, twenty monks who are regular are competent for legal acts, the remaining regular monks are deserving to send consent. He against whom the monastic community performs a legal act is indeed not competent for legal acts nor deserving to send consent, but he is entitled to take part in.

489. Four legal acts - an act for which permission ought to be asked, a legal act at which a motion is put, a legal act at which a motion is put and is followed by one proclamation, a legal act at which a motion is put and is followed by three proclamations. In how many ways do these four legal acts fail? These four legal acts fail in five ways - either regarding the case or regarding the motion or regarding the proclamation or regarding the boundary or regarding the assembly.

490. How do legal acts fail regarding the case? He gives full ordination to a eunuch - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case. He gives full ordination to one who is in communion by theft - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case. He gives full ordination to one gone over to other sects - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case. He gives full ordination to an animal - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case. He gives full ordination to a matricide - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case. He gives full ordination to a patricide - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case. He gives full ordination to a killer of an arahant - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case. He gives full ordination to a seducer of nuns - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case. He gives full ordination to a schismatic - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case. He gives full ordination to one who wounds - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case. He gives full ordination to a hermaphrodite - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case. He gives full ordination to a person less than twenty years old - not a legally valid act, having failed regarding the case. Thus legal acts fail regarding the case.

491. How do legal acts fail regarding the motion? Legal acts fail regarding the motion in five ways. One does not fondle the case, one does not fondle the Community, one does not fondle the person, one does not fondle the motion, or one puts forward the motion afterwards - legal acts fail regarding the motion in these five ways.

492. How do legal acts fail regarding the proclamation? Legal acts fail regarding the proclamation in five ways - one does not fondle the case, one does not fondle the Community, one does not fondle the person, one omits the announcement, or one announces at the wrong time - legal acts fail regarding the proclamation in these five ways.

493. How do legal acts fail regarding the boundary? By eleven ways legal acts fail regarding the boundary. One authorises a too small boundary, one authorises a too large boundary, one authorises a boundary with broken signs, one authorises a boundary with shadow as sign, one authorises a signless boundary, one standing outside the boundary authorises a boundary, one authorises a boundary in a river, one authorises a boundary in the sea, one authorises a boundary in a natural lake, one overlaps a boundary with a boundary, one overpowers a boundary with a boundary - by these eleven ways legal acts fail regarding the boundary.

494. How do legal acts fail regarding the assembly? By twelve modes legal acts fail regarding the assembly - in a legal act requiring a group of four, however many monks are competent for legal acts, they have not come, the consent of those deserving to send consent has not been brought, those present protest; in a legal act requiring a group of four, however many monks are competent for legal acts, they have come, the consent of those deserving to send consent has not been brought, those present protest. In a legal act requiring a group of four, however many monks are competent for legal acts, they have come, the consent of those deserving to send consent has been brought, those present protest. In a legal act requiring a group of five, etc. In a legal act requiring a group of ten, etc. in a legal act requiring a group of twenty, however many monks are competent for legal acts, they have not come, the consent of those deserving to send consent has not been brought, those present protest. In a legal act requiring a group of twenty, however many monks are competent for legal acts, they have come, the consent of those deserving to send consent has not been brought, those present protest. In a legal act requiring a group of twenty, however many monks are competent for legal acts, they have come, the consent of those deserving to send consent has been brought, those present protest - by these twelve modes legal acts fail regarding the assembly.

495. To how many states does an act for which permission ought to be asked go? To how many states does a legal act at which a motion is put go? To how many states does a legal act at which a motion is put and is followed by one proclamation go? To how many states does a legal act at which a motion is put and is followed by three proclamations go? An act for which permission ought to be asked goes to five states. A legal act at which a motion is put goes to nine states. A legal act at which a motion is put and is followed by one proclamation goes to seven states. A legal act at which a motion is put and is followed by three proclamations goes to seven states.

496. To which five states does an act for which permission ought to be asked go? Reinstatement, sending away, shaving, the highest penalty, and the characteristic of the act itself as the fifth - an act for which permission ought to be asked goes to these five states. To which nine states does a legal act at which a motion is put go? Reinstatement, sending away, Observance, invitation to admonish, authorization, giving, formal acceptance, postponement, and the characteristic of the act itself as the ninth - a legal act at which a motion is put goes to these nine states. To which seven states does a legal act at which a motion is put and is followed by one proclamation go? Reinstatement, sending away, authorization, giving, withdrawal, the Teaching, and the characteristic of the act itself as the seventh - a legal act at which a motion is put and is followed by one proclamation goes to these seven states. To which seven states does a legal act at which a motion is put and is followed by three proclamations go? Reinstatement, sending away, authorization, giving, refutation, admonition, and the characteristic of the act itself as the seventh - a legal act at which a motion is put and is followed by three proclamations goes to these seven states.

497. In a legal act requiring a group of four, four monks who are regular are competent for legal acts, the remaining regular monks are deserving to send consent. He against whom the monastic community performs a legal act is indeed not competent for legal acts nor deserving to send consent, but he is entitled to take part in. In a legal act requiring a group of five, five monks who are regular are competent for legal acts, the remaining regular monks are deserving to send consent. He against whom the monastic community performs a legal act is indeed not competent for legal acts nor deserving to send consent, but he is entitled to take part in. In a legal act requiring a group of ten, ten monks who are regular are competent for legal acts, the remaining regular monks are deserving to send consent. He against whom the monastic community performs a legal act is indeed not competent for legal acts nor deserving to send consent, but he is entitled to take part in. In a legal act requiring a group of twenty, twenty monks who are regular are competent for legal acts, the remaining regular monks are deserving to send consent. He against whom the monastic community performs a legal act is indeed not competent for legal acts nor deserving to send consent, but he is entitled to take part in.

The Action Chapter is concluded as the first.

2.

The Chapter on Reason

498. Dependent on two reasons a training rule has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. For the excellence of the Community, for the comfort of the Community - dependent on these two reasons a training rule has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. Dependent on two reasons a training rule has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. For the refutation of obstinate persons, for the comfortable abiding of well-behaved monks - dependent on these two reasons a training rule has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. Dependent on two reasons a training rule has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. For the restraint of mental corruptions pertaining to the present life, for the warding off of mental corruptions pertaining to the future life - dependent on these two reasons a training rule has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. Dependent on two reasons a training rule has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. For the restraint of enmity pertaining to the present life, for the warding off of enmity pertaining to the future life - dependent on these two reasons a training rule has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. Dependent on two reasons a training rule has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. For the restraint of faults pertaining to the present life, for the warding off of faults pertaining to the future life - dependent on these two reasons a training rule has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. Dependent on two reasons a training rule has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. For the restraint of fears pertaining to the present life, for the warding off of fears pertaining to the future life - dependent on these two reasons a training rule has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. Dependent on two reasons a training rule has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. For the restraint of unwholesome mental states pertaining to the present life, for the warding off of unwholesome mental states pertaining to the future life - dependent on these two reasons a training rule has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. Dependent on two reasons a training rule has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. Out of compassion for laypeople, for the arrest of the faction of those with evil desires - dependent on these two reasons a training rule has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. Dependent on two reasons a training rule has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. For the confidence of those without confidence, for the increase of those with confidence - dependent on these two reasons a training rule has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. Dependent on two reasons a training rule has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. For the duration of the Good Teaching, for the support of the monastic discipline - dependent on these two reasons a training rule has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples.

The Reason Chapter is concluded as the second.

3.

The Chapter on What is Laid Down

499. Dependent on two reasons the principal monastic code (Pātimokkha) has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples... etc. the recitation of the principal monastic code (Pātimokkha) has been laid down... the suspension of the principal monastic code (Pātimokkha) has been laid down... the invitation ceremony to admonish has been laid down... the suspension of the invitation ceremony to admonish has been laid down... the legal act of censure has been laid down... the legal act of guidance has been laid down... the act of banishment has been laid down... the legal act of reconciliation has been laid down... the legal act of suspension has been laid down... the giving of probation has been laid down... the sending back to the beginning has been laid down... the giving of penance has been laid down... rehabilitation has been laid down... the involving being brought back has been laid down... the involving being sent away has been laid down... full ordination has been laid down... an act for which permission ought to be asked has been laid down... a legal act at which a motion is put has been laid down... a legal act at which a motion is put and is followed by one proclamation has been laid down... a legal act at which a motion is put and is followed by three proclamations has been laid down... etc.

The Laid Down Chapter is concluded as the third.

4.

The Chapter on What is Laid Down When Not Laid Down

500. Etc. what is laid down when not laid down, what is additionally laid down when laid down, etc. the verdict in the presence was laid down, etc. the verdict of innocence was laid down, etc. the verdict of past insanity was laid down, etc. carrying out on acknowledgement was laid down, etc. the decision of the majority was laid down, etc. the decision for specific depravity was laid down, etc. covering over with grass was laid down for the excellence of the Community, for the comfort of the Community - dependent on these two reasons covering over with grass has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. Dependent on two reasons covering over with grass has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. For the refutation of obstinate persons, for the comfortable abiding of well-behaved monks - dependent on these two reasons covering over with grass has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. Dependent on two reasons covering over with grass has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. For the restraint of mental corruptions pertaining to the present life, for the warding off of mental corruptions pertaining to the future life - dependent on these two reasons covering over with grass has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. Dependent on two reasons covering over with grass has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. For the restraint of enmity pertaining to the present life, for the warding off of enmity pertaining to the future life - dependent on these two reasons covering over with grass has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. Dependent on two reasons covering over with grass has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. For the restraint of faults pertaining to the present life, for the warding off of faults pertaining to the future life - dependent on these two reasons covering over with grass has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. Dependent on two reasons covering over with grass has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. For the restraint of fears pertaining to the present life, for the warding off of fears pertaining to the future life - dependent on these two reasons covering over with grass has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. Dependent on two reasons covering over with grass has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. For the restraint of unwholesome mental states pertaining to the present life, for the warding off of unwholesome mental states pertaining to the future life - dependent on these two reasons covering over with grass has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. Dependent on two reasons covering over with grass has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. Out of compassion for laypeople, for the arrest of the faction of those with evil desires - dependent on these two reasons covering over with grass has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. Dependent on two reasons covering over with grass has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. For the confidence of those without confidence, for the increase of those with confidence - dependent on these two reasons covering over with grass has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. Dependent on two reasons covering over with grass has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples. For the duration of the Good Teaching, for the support of the monastic discipline - dependent on these two reasons covering over with grass has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples.

The Chapter on What is Laid Down When Not Laid Down is concluded as fourth.

5.

The Chapter on the Nine Classifications

501. Nine classifications - classification by subject matter, classification by failure, classification by offence, classification by origin city, classification by individual, classification by class, classification by origin, classification by legal case, classification by settlement.

When a legal case has arisen, if both hostile about the matter come, the case of both should be announced. Having announced the case of both, the acknowledgment of both should be heard. Having heard the acknowledgment of both, both should be told - "When this legal case of ours is settled, both will be satisfied." If they said - "Both will be satisfied," that legal case should be accepted by the Community. If there is a majority of shameless ones, the assembly should be settled by means of a referendum. If there is a majority of fools, the assembly should seek an expert in monastic discipline by whatever rule, by whatever monastic discipline, by whatever Teacher's instruction that legal case is appeased. So that legal case should be settled.

The subject matter should be known, the clan should be known, the name should be known, the offence should be known.

"Sexual intercourse" is both the subject matter and the clan - "expulsion" is both the name and the offence.

"Taking what is not given" is both the subject matter and the clan - "expulsion" is both the name and the offence.

"Human strife" is both the subject matter and the clan - "expulsion" is both the name and the offence.

"Super-human achievement" is both the subject matter and the clan - "expulsion" is both the name and the offence.

"Emission of semen" is both the subject matter and the clan - "entailing initial and subsequent meetings of the Community" is both the name and the offence.

"Physical contact" is both the subject matter and the clan - "entailing initial and subsequent meetings of the Community" is both the name and the offence.

"Lewd words" is both the subject matter and the clan - "entailing initial and subsequent meetings of the Community" is both the name and the offence.

"For one's own desire" is both the subject matter and the clan - "entailing initial and subsequent meetings of the Community" is both the name and the offence.

"Matchmaking" is both the subject matter and the clan - "entailing initial and subsequent meetings of the Community" is both the name and the offence.

Having a hut built begged for oneself is both the subject matter and the clan - "entailing initial and subsequent meetings of the Community" is both the name and the offence.

Having a large dwelling built is both the subject matter and the clan - "entailing initial and subsequent meetings of the Community" is both the name and the offence.

Accusing a monk with an unfounded charge of an offence involving expulsion is both the subject matter and the clan - "entailing initial and subsequent meetings of the Community" is both the name and the offence.

Accusing a monk with an offence involving expulsion, taking up some trifling pretext from a legal case belonging to another class is both the subject matter and the clan - "entailing initial and subsequent meetings of the Community" is both the name and the offence.

A schismatic monk not giving up at the admonition up to the third time is both the subject matter and the clan - "entailing initial and subsequent meetings of the Community" is both the name and the offence.

Monks who are followers of a schismatic not giving up at the admonition up to the third time is both the subject matter and the clan - "entailing initial and subsequent meetings of the Community" is both the name and the offence.

A monk who is difficult to admonish not giving up at the admonition up to the third time is both the subject matter and the clan - "entailing initial and subsequent meetings of the Community" is both the name and the offence.

A monk who is a corrupter of families not giving up at the admonition up to the third time is both the subject matter and the clan - "entailing initial and subsequent meetings of the Community" is both the name and the offence, etc.

Defecating or urinating or spitting in water out of disrespect is both the subject matter and the clan - "wrong-doing" is both the name and the offence.

The Chapter on the Nine Classifications is concluded as fifth.

Its summary:

The Supplement is concluded.

The Parivāra Pāḷi is concluded.