3.

The Section on Summary

Summary Treatment of Triads

985. What mental states are wholesome? Three wholesome roots - non-greed, non-hate, non-delusion; the aggregate of feeling associated with them, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness; bodily action, verbal action, mental action originating from them - these mental states are wholesome.

986. What mental states are unwholesome? Three unwholesome roots - greed, hate, delusion; and the co-existent mental defilements; the aggregate of feeling associated with them, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness; bodily action, verbal action, mental action originating from them - these mental states are unwholesome.

987. What mental states are indeterminate? The results of wholesome and unwholesome mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, and not-included; the aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness; and whatever mental states are functional, neither wholesome nor unwholesome, and not results of action; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are indeterminate.

988. What mental states are associated with pleasant feeling? In the plane of happiness, in the sensual-sphere, in the fine-material-sphere, in the not included, setting aside pleasant feeling; the aggregate of perception associated with that, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are associated with pleasant feeling.

989. What mental states are associated with unpleasant feeling? In the plane of pain, in the sensual-sphere, setting aside unpleasant feeling; the aggregate of perception associated with that, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are associated with unpleasant feeling.

990. What mental states are associated with neither-unpleasant-nor-pleasant feeling? In the plane of neither-unpleasant-nor-pleasant, in the sensual-sphere, in the fine-material-sphere, in the immaterial-sphere, in the not included, setting aside neither-unpleasant-nor-pleasant feeling; the aggregate of perception associated with that, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are associated with neither-unpleasant-nor-pleasant feeling.

991. What mental states are resultant? The results of wholesome and unwholesome mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, and not-included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are resultant.

992. What mental states are states that have resultant quality? Wholesome-unwholesome mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are states that have resultant quality.

993. What mental states are neither resultant nor have resultant quality? Whatever mental states are functional, neither wholesome nor unwholesome, and not results of action; and all matter; and the unconditioned element - these mental states are neither resultant nor have resultant quality.

994. What mental states are clung-to and subject to clinging? The results of wholesome and unwholesome mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and whatever matter is due to action having been done - these mental states are clung-to and subject to clinging.

995. What mental states are not clung-to but subject to clinging? Wholesome-unwholesome mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and whatever mental states are functional, neither wholesome nor unwholesome, and not results of action; and whatever matter is not due to action having been done - these mental states are not clung-to but subject to clinging.

996. What mental states are neither clung-to nor subject to clinging? The not-included paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these mental states are neither clung-to nor subject to clinging.

997. What mental states are defiled and subject to defilement? Three unwholesome roots - greed, hate, delusion; and the co-existent mental defilements; the aggregate of feeling associated with them, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; bodily action, verbal action, mental action originating from them - these mental states are defiled and subject to defilement.

998. What mental states are undefiled but subject to defilement? Wholesome and indeterminate mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, the aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are undefiled but subject to defilement.

999. What phenomena are undefiled and not subject to defilement? The not-included paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these phenomena are undefiled and not subject to defilement.

1000. What mental states are with applied and sustained thought? In the plane with applied and sustained thought, in the sensual-sphere, in the fine-material-sphere, in the not included, setting aside applied and sustained thought; the aggregate of feeling associated with them, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are with applied and sustained thought.

1001. What mental states are without applied but sustained thought only? In the plane of without applied but sustained thought only, in the fine-material-sphere, in the not included, setting aside sustained thought; the aggregate of feeling associated with them, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are without applied but sustained thought only.

1002. What mental states are without applied and sustained thought? In the plane of without applied and sustained thought, in the sensual-sphere, in the fine-material-sphere, in the immaterial-sphere, in the not included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are without applied and sustained thought.

1003. What mental states are accompanied by rapture? In the plane of rapture, in the sensual-sphere, in the fine-material-sphere, in the not included, setting aside rapture; the aggregate of feeling associated with them, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are accompanied by rapture.

1004. What mental states are accompanied by pleasure? In the plane of happiness, in the sensual-sphere, in the fine-material-sphere, in the not included, setting aside pleasure; the aggregate of perception associated with that, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are accompanied by pleasure.

1005. What mental states are accompanied by equanimity? In the plane of equanimity, in the sensual-sphere, in the fine-material-sphere, in the immaterial-sphere, in the not included, setting aside equanimity; the aggregate of perception associated with that, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are accompanied by equanimity.

1006. What phenomena are to be abandoned through vision? Three mental fetters - identity view, sceptical doubt, adherence to moral rules and austerities.

1007. Therein, what is identity view? Here an ignorant worldling, who does not see the noble ones, who is not skilled in the noble teaching, who is undisciplined in the noble teaching, who does not see good persons, who is not skilled in the teaching of good persons, who is undisciplined in the teaching of good persons, regards matter as self, or self as possessing matter, or matter as in self, or self as in matter. He regards feeling as self, or self as possessing feeling, or feeling as in self, or self as in feeling. He regards perception as self, or self as possessing perception, or perception as in self, or self as in perception. He regards activities as self, or self as possessing activities, or activities as in self, or self as in activities. He regards consciousness as self, or self as possessing consciousness, or consciousness as in self, or self as in consciousness. Whatever such view, wrong view, thicket of views, wilderness of views, wriggling of views, writhing of views, mental fetter of wrong view, grasping, formal acceptance, adherence, adherence, wrong path, wrong path, wrong course, sphere of sectarian doctrines, perverted grasp - this is called identity view.

1008. Therein, what is sceptical doubt? One is uncertain about the Teacher, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about the Teaching, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about the Community, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about the training, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about the past, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about the future, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about both the past and the future, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about phenomena that are dependently arisen through specific conditionality, doubts sceptically. Whatever such uncertainty, the act of being uncertain, the state of being uncertain, doubt, sceptical doubt, uncertainty, crossroad, wavering, lack of definite grasping, trembling, crawling about, non-penetration, state of obstinacy of consciousness, mental perplexity - this is called sceptical doubt.

1009. Therein, what is adherence to moral rules and austerities? Among ascetics and brahmins outside of this, "by morality there is purification, by ascetic practice there is purification, by moral rules and austerities there is purification" - whatever such view, wrong view, thicket of views, wilderness of views, wriggling of views, writhing of views, mental fetter of wrong view, grasping, formal acceptance, adherence, adherence, wrong path, wrong path, wrong course, sphere of sectarian doctrines, perverted grasp - this is called adherence to moral rules and austerities.

1010. These three mental fetters; and the co-existent mental defilements; the aggregate of feeling associated with them, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; bodily action, verbal action, mental action originating from them - these phenomena are to be abandoned through vision.

1011. What phenomena are to be abandoned by meditative development? The remaining greed, hate, delusion; and the co-existent mental defilements; the aggregate of feeling associated with them, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; bodily action, verbal action, mental action originating from them - these phenomena are to be abandoned by meditative development.

1012. What mental states are to be abandoned neither by seeing nor by meditative development? Wholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are to be abandoned neither by seeing nor by meditative development.

1013. What phenomena are connected with root to be abandoned through vision? Three mental fetters - identity view, sceptical doubt, adherence to moral rules and austerities.

1014. Therein, what is identity view? Etc. this is called identity view.

1015. Therein, what is sceptical doubt? Etc. this is called sceptical doubt.

1016. Therein, what is adherence to moral rules and austerities? Etc. this is called adherence to moral rules and austerities.

1017. These three mental fetters; and the co-existent mental defilements; the aggregate of feeling associated with them, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; bodily action, verbal action, mental action originating from them - these phenomena are connected with root to be abandoned through vision. Three mental fetters - identity view, sceptical doubt, adherence to moral rules and austerities - these phenomena are to be abandoned through vision. Co-existent greed, hate, delusion - these phenomena are roots to be abandoned through vision. And the co-existent mental defilements; the aggregate of feeling associated with them, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; bodily action, verbal action, mental action originating from them - these phenomena are connected with root to be abandoned through vision.

1018. What phenomena are connected with a root to be abandoned by meditative development? The remaining greed, hate, delusion - these phenomena are roots to be abandoned by meditative development. And the co-existent mental defilements; the aggregate of feeling associated with them, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; bodily action, verbal action, mental action originating from them - these phenomena are connected with a root to be abandoned by meditative development.

1019. What mental states are connected with a root to be abandoned neither by seeing nor by meditative development? Setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included; the aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are connected with a root to be abandoned neither by seeing nor by meditative development.

1020. What mental states are leading to accumulation (of rebirth)? Wholesome-unwholesome mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are leading to accumulation (of rebirth).

1021. What mental states are leading to non-accumulation? The four paths that are not-included - these mental states are leading to non-accumulation.

1022. What mental states are neither leading to accumulation nor to non-accumulation? The results of wholesome and unwholesome mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, and not-included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and whatever mental states are functional, neither wholesome nor unwholesome, and not results of action; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are neither leading to accumulation nor to non-accumulation.

1023. What mental states are of a learner? The four paths that are not-included, and the lower three fruits of asceticism - these mental states are of a learner.

1024. What mental states are of one beyond training? The highest fruition of arahantship - these mental states are of one beyond training.

1025. What mental states are neither trainee nor one beyond training? Setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are neither trainee nor one beyond training.

1026. What phenomena are limited? All sensual-sphere wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate phenomena; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these phenomena are limited.

1027. What mental states are exalted? Wholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the fine-material-sphere and immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are exalted.

1028. What mental states are limitless? The not-included paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these mental states are limitless.

1029. What mental states have a limited object? Whatever consciousness and mental factors arise referring to limited states - these mental states have a limited object.

1030. What mental states have an exalted object? Whatever consciousness and mental factors arise referring to exalted states - these mental states have an exalted object.

1031. What mental states have a limitless object? Whatever consciousness and mental factors arise referring to limitless states - these mental states have a limitless object.

1032. What mental states are inferior? Three unwholesome roots - greed, hate, delusion; and the co-existent mental defilements; the aggregate of feeling associated with them, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; bodily action, verbal action, mental action originating from them - these mental states are inferior.

1033. What mental states are middling? Wholesome and indeterminate mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are middling.

1034. What mental states are sublime? The not-included paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these mental states are sublime.

1035. What phenomena are with fixed course of the wrong path? Five actions with immediate result, and whatever wrong view that is fixed in destination - these phenomena are with fixed course of the wrong path.

1036. What mental states are with fixed course of the right path? The four paths that are not-included - these mental states are with fixed course of the right path.

1037. What mental states are undetermined? Setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are undetermined.

1038. What mental states have the path as object? Whatever consciousness and mental factors arise referring to the noble path - these mental states have the path as object.

1039. What mental states are connected with the path as root? For one possessing the noble path, setting aside the path factors; the aggregate of feeling associated with them, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are connected with the path as root. For one possessing the noble path, right view is both path and root, setting aside right view, the aggregate of feeling associated with them, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are connected with the path as root. For one possessing the noble path, non-greed, non-hate, non-delusion - these mental states are roots of the path. The aggregate of feeling associated with them, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are connected with the path as root.

1040. What mental states have path predominance? Whatever consciousness and mental factors arise having made the noble path predominant - these mental states have path predominance. For one possessing the noble path, developing the path with investigation-predominance, setting aside investigation; the aggregate of feeling associated with them, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states have path predominance.

1041. What phenomena are arisen? Whatever phenomena are born, come to be, produced, generated, fully generated, become manifest, arisen, fully arisen, stood up, originated, arisen, included in the arisen portion - matter, feeling, perception, activities, consciousness - these phenomena are arisen.

1042. What phenomena are unarisen? Whatever phenomena are unborn, not become, not produced, not generated, not fully generated, not become manifest, unarisen, not fully arisen, not stood up, not originated, unarisen, included in the unarisen portion - matter, feeling, perception, activities, consciousness - these phenomena are unarisen.

1043. What mental states are subject to arise? The results of wholesome and unwholesome mental states with unripened results belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, and not-included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and whatever matter will arise due to action having been done - these mental states are subject to arise.

1044. What phenomena are past? Whatever phenomena are past, ceased, disappeared, changed, passed away, completely passed away, having arisen disappeared, past, included in the past portion - matter, feeling, perception, activities, consciousness - these phenomena are past.

1045. What phenomena are future? Whatever phenomena are unborn, not become, not produced, not generated, not fully generated, not become manifest, unarisen, not fully arisen, not stood up, not originated, future, included in the future portion - matter, feeling, perception, activities, consciousness - these phenomena are future.

1046. What phenomena are present? Whatever phenomena are born, come to be, produced, generated, fully generated, become manifest, arisen, fully arisen, stood up, originated, present, included in the present portion - matter, feeling, perception, activities, consciousness - these phenomena are present.

1047. What mental states have a past object? Whatever consciousness and mental factors arise referring to past states - these mental states have a past object.

1048. What mental states have a future object? Whatever consciousness and mental factors arise referring to future mental states - these mental states have a future object.

1049. What mental states have a present object? Whatever consciousness and mental factors arise referring to present states - these mental states have a present object.

1050. What phenomena are internal? Whatever phenomena of those various beings are internal, individual, fixed, personal, clung to - matter, feeling, perception, activities, consciousness - these phenomena are internal.

1051. What phenomena are external? Whatever phenomena of those various other beings, of other persons, are internal, individual, fixed, personal, clung to - matter, feeling, perception, activities, consciousness - these phenomena are external.

1052. What phenomena are internal-external? Both of those - these phenomena are internal-external.

1053. What mental states have an internal object? Whatever consciousness and mental factors arise referring to internal states - these mental states have an internal object.

1054. What mental states have an external object? Whatever consciousness and mental factors arise referring to external phenomena - these mental states have an external object.

1055. What phenomena have an internal-external object? Whatever consciousness and mental factors arise referring to internal-external phenomena - these phenomena have an internal-external object.

1056. What phenomena are manifest and impinging? The visible form sense base - these phenomena are manifest and impinging.

1057. What phenomena are non-manifest but impinging? The eye sense base, the ear sense base, the nose sense base, the tongue sense base, the body sense base, the sound sense base, the odour sense base, the flavour sense base, the touch sense base - these phenomena are non-manifest but impinging.

1058. What phenomena are non-manifest and non-impinging? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness; and whatever matter is non-manifest, non-impinging, included in the mind-object sense base; and the unconditioned element - these phenomena are non-manifest and non-impinging.

A triad.

Summary Treatment of Dyads

Root Cluster

1059. What phenomena are roots? Three wholesome roots, three unwholesome roots, three indeterminate roots, nine sensual-sphere roots, six fine-material-sphere roots, six immaterial-sphere roots, six not-included roots.

1060. Therein, what are the three wholesome roots? Non-greed, non-hate, non-delusion.

1061. Therein, what is non-greed? Whatever is non-greed, non-coveting, the state of not coveting, absence of lust, absence of attachment, the state of being without attachment, non-covetousness, non-greed as a wholesome root - this is called non-greed.

1062. Therein, what is non-hate? Whatever non-hate, non-hating, the state of not hating, friendliness, friendly feeling, the state of being friendly, sympathy, sympathetic feeling, the state of being sympathetic, seeking welfare, compassion, non-anger, non-affliction, non-hate as a wholesome root - this is called non-hate.

1063. Therein, what is non-delusion? Knowledge of suffering, knowledge of the origin of suffering, knowledge of the cessation of suffering, knowledge of the practice leading to the cessation of suffering, knowledge of the past, knowledge of the future, knowledge of both the past and the future, knowledge of phenomena that are dependently arisen through specific conditionality. Whatever such wisdom, understanding, investigation, thorough investigation, investigation of phenomena, discernment, discrimination, counter-discrimination, erudition, proficiency, skill, analysis, thought, examination, understanding, intelligence, guidance, insight, full awareness, goad, wisdom, wisdom faculty, power of wisdom, knife of wisdom, mansion of wisdom, light of wisdom, radiance of wisdom, lamp of wisdom, jewel of wisdom, non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view - this is called non-delusion.

These are the three wholesome roots.

1064. Therein, what are the three unwholesome roots? Greed, hate, delusion.

1065. Therein, what is greed? Whatever lust, passion, attraction, compliance, delight, passionate delight, mental passion, desire, infatuation, holding, greed, intense greed, attachment, mire, longing, deceit, genetrix, producer, seamstress, ensnarer, flowing, clinging, thread, spread, accumulator, companion, aspiration, conduit to existence, forest, undergrowth, intimacy, affection, expectation, kinship, hope, wishing, the state of wishing, hope for visible form, hope for sound, hope for odour, hope for flavour, hope for tangible object, hope for material gain, hope for wealth, hope for sons, hope for life, praying, excessive praying, intense praying, praying, the act of praying, the state of having prayed, greed, the act of being greedy, the state of being greedy, tail-wagging, desire for excellence, lust for what is not according to the Teaching, unrighteous greed, attachment, desiring, longing, yearning, aspiring, sensual craving, craving for existence, craving for non-existence, craving for fine-material existence, craving for immaterial existence, craving for cessation, craving for visible form, craving for sound, craving for odour, craving for flavour, craving for tangible object, craving for mental objects, mental flood, mental bond, mental knot, clinging, obstruction, mental hindrance, covering, bondage, impurity, underlying tendency, prepossession, creeper, avarice, root of suffering, source of suffering, origin of suffering, Māra's snare, Māra's hook, Māra's domain, river of craving, net of craving, leash of craving, ocean of craving, covetousness, greed, unwholesome root - this is called greed.

1066. Therein, what is hate? "He has done harm to me" - resentment arises; "he is doing harm to me" - resentment arises; "he will do harm to me" - resentment arises; "he has done harm to one who is dear and agreeable to me, etc. he is doing harm, etc. he will do harm" - resentment arises; "he has done good to one who is disagreeable and unpleasant to me, etc. he is doing good, etc. he will do good" - resentment arises; or else resentment arises without reason. Whatever such resentment of the mind, repulsion, aversion, opposition, irritation, fury, rage, hate, corruption, wickedness, mental corruption, ill-will, wrath, anger, the state of being angry, hate, hating, the state of having hated, corruption, being corrupted, the state of having been corrupted, opposition, hostility, ferocity, harshness, displeasure of the mind - this is called hate.

1067. Therein, what is delusion? Not knowing suffering, not knowing the origin of suffering, not knowing the cessation of suffering, not knowing the practice leading to the cessation of suffering, not knowing the past, not knowing the future, not knowing both the past and the future, not knowing phenomena that are dependently arisen through specific conditionality. Whatever such not knowing, non-seeing, non-full realization, non-understanding, non-highest enlightenment, non-penetration, non-inclusion, non-thorough investigation, non-equal observation, non-reviewing, non-realization, dullness, folly, lack of full awareness, delusion, bewilderment, confusion, ignorance, mental flood of ignorance, mental bond of ignorance, underlying tendency to ignorance, prepossession by ignorance, bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - This is called delusion.

These are the three unwholesome roots.

1068. Therein, what are the three indeterminate roots? Non-greed, non-hate, non-delusion as result of wholesome mental states or in functional-indeterminate mental states - these are the three indeterminate roots.

1069. Therein, what are the nine sensual-sphere roots? Three wholesome roots, three unwholesome roots, three indeterminate roots - these are the nine sensual-sphere roots.

1070. Therein, what are the six fine-material-sphere roots? Three wholesome roots, three indeterminate roots - these are the six fine-material-sphere roots.

1071. Therein, what are the six immaterial-sphere roots? Three wholesome roots, three indeterminate roots - these are the six immaterial-sphere roots.

1072. Therein, what are the six not-included roots? Three wholesome roots, three indeterminate roots - these are the six not-included roots.

1073. Therein, what are the three wholesome roots? Non-greed, non-hate, non-delusion.

1074. Therein, what is non-greed? Whatever is non-greed, non-coveting, the state of not coveting, absence of lust, absence of attachment, the state of being without attachment, non-covetousness, non-greed as a wholesome root - this is called non-greed.

1075. Therein, what is non-hate? Whatever non-hate, non-hating, the state of not hating, etc. non-anger, non-affliction, non-hate as a wholesome root - this is called non-hate.

1076. Therein, what is non-delusion? Knowledge of suffering, knowledge of the origin of suffering, knowledge of the cessation of suffering, knowledge of the practice leading to the cessation of suffering, knowledge of the past, knowledge of the future, knowledge of both the past and the future, knowledge of phenomena that are dependently arisen through specific conditionality. Whatever such wisdom, understanding, investigation, thorough investigation, investigation of phenomena, discernment, discrimination, counter-discrimination, erudition, proficiency, skill, analysis, thought, examination, understanding, intelligence, guidance, insight, full awareness, goad, wisdom, wisdom faculty, power of wisdom, knife of wisdom, mansion of wisdom, light of wisdom, radiance of wisdom, lamp of wisdom, jewel of wisdom, non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view, enlightenment factor of investigation of phenomena, path factor, included in the path - this is called non-delusion.

These are the three wholesome roots.

1077. Therein, what are the three indeterminate roots? Non-greed, non-hate, non-delusion as result of wholesome mental states - these are the three indeterminate roots. These are the six not-included roots - these mental states are roots.

1078. What mental states are not roots? Setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are not roots.

1079. What mental states are with root? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are with root - the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are with root.

1080. What mental states are rootless? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are rootless - the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness, and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are rootless.

1081. What mental states are associated with root? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are associated - the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are associated with root.

1082. What mental states are dissociated from root? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are dissociated - the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness, and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are dissociated from root.

1083. What mental states are both roots and with root? Greed with delusion is both a root and with root, delusion with greed is both a root and with root, hate with delusion is both a root and with root, delusion with hate is both a root and with root; non-greed, non-hate, non-delusion, these are mutually both roots and with root - these mental states are both roots and with root.

1084. What mental states are with root and not roots? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are with root, setting aside those mental states, the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are with root and not roots.

1085. What mental states are both roots and associated with root? Greed with delusion is both a root and associated with root, delusion with greed is both a root and associated with root, hate with delusion is both a root and associated with root, delusion with hate is both a root and associated with root; non-greed, non-hate, non-delusion, these are mutually both roots and associated with root - these mental states are both roots and associated with root.

1086. What mental states are associated with root and not roots? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are associated, setting aside those mental states, the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are associated with root and not roots.

1087. What mental states are non-roots with root? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are non-roots with root - the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are non-roots with root.

1088. What mental states are non-roots and rootless? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are non-roots and rootless - the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness, and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are non-roots and rootless.

Minor Intermediate Dyad

1089. What phenomena are with condition? The five aggregates - the aggregate of matter, the aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness - these phenomena are with condition.

1090. What phenomena are without condition? The unconditioned element - these phenomena are without condition.

1091. What phenomena are conditioned? Just those phenomena that are with condition, those phenomena are conditioned.

1092. What phenomena are unconditioned? Whatever phenomenon is without condition, that very phenomenon is unconditioned.

1093. What phenomena are manifest? The visible form sense base - these phenomena are manifest.

1094. What phenomena are non-manifest? The eye sense base, etc. the touch sense base, the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness, and whatever matter is non-manifest, non-impinging, included in the mind-object sense base, and the unconditioned element - these phenomena are non-manifest.

1095. What phenomena are impinging? The eye sense base, etc. the touch sense base - these phenomena are impinging.

1096. What phenomena are non-impinging? The aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness, and whatever matter is non-manifest, non-impinging, included in the mind-object sense base, and the unconditioned element - these phenomena are non-impinging.

1097. What phenomena are material? The four primary elements and the materiality derived from the four primary elements - these phenomena are material.

1098. What mental states are immaterial? The aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are immaterial.

1099. What mental states are mundane? Wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are mundane.

1100. What phenomena are supramundane? The not-included paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these phenomena are supramundane.

1101. What phenomena are cognizable in some way, not cognizable in some way? Those phenomena that are cognizable by eye, those phenomena are not cognizable by ear; or else those phenomena that are cognizable by ear, those phenomena are not cognizable by eye. Those phenomena that are cognizable by eye, those phenomena are not cognizable by nose; or else those phenomena that are cognizable by nose, those phenomena are not cognizable by eye. Those phenomena that are cognizable by eye, those phenomena are not cognizable by tongue; or else those phenomena that are cognizable by tongue, those phenomena are not cognizable by eye. Those phenomena that are cognizable by eye, those phenomena are not cognizable by body; or else those phenomena that are cognizable by body, those phenomena are not cognizable by eye. Those phenomena that are cognizable by ear, those phenomena are not cognizable by nose; or else those phenomena that are cognizable by nose, those phenomena are not cognizable by ear. Those phenomena that are cognizable by ear, those phenomena are not cognizable by tongue; or else those phenomena that are cognizable by tongue, those phenomena are not cognizable by ear. Those phenomena that are cognizable by ear, those phenomena are not cognizable by body; or else those phenomena that are cognizable by body, those phenomena are not cognizable by ear. Those phenomena that are cognizable by ear, those phenomena are not cognizable by eye; or else those phenomena that are cognizable by eye, those phenomena are not cognizable by ear. Those phenomena that are cognizable by nose, those phenomena are not cognizable by tongue; or else those phenomena that are cognizable by tongue, those phenomena are not cognizable by nose. Those phenomena that are cognizable by nose, those phenomena are not cognizable by body; or else those phenomena that are cognizable by body, those phenomena are not cognizable by nose. Those phenomena that are cognizable by nose, those phenomena are not cognizable by eye; or else those phenomena that are cognizable by eye, those phenomena are not cognizable by nose. Those phenomena that are cognizable by nose, those phenomena are not cognizable by ear; or else those phenomena that are cognizable by ear, those phenomena are not cognizable by nose. Those phenomena that are cognizable by tongue, those phenomena are not cognizable by body; or else those phenomena that are cognizable by body, those phenomena are not cognizable by tongue. Those phenomena that are cognizable by tongue, those phenomena are not cognizable by eye; or else those phenomena that are cognizable by eye, those phenomena are not cognizable by tongue. Those phenomena that are cognizable by tongue, those phenomena are not cognizable by ear; or else those phenomena that are cognizable by ear, those phenomena are not cognizable by tongue. Those phenomena that are cognizable by tongue, those phenomena are not cognizable by nose; or else those phenomena that are cognizable by nose, those phenomena are not cognizable by tongue. Those phenomena that are cognizable by body, those phenomena are not cognizable by eye; or else those phenomena that are cognizable by eye, those phenomena are not cognizable by body. Those phenomena that are cognizable by body, those phenomena are not cognizable by ear; or else those phenomena that are cognizable by ear, those phenomena are not cognizable by body. Those phenomena that are cognizable by body, those phenomena are not cognizable by nose; or else those phenomena that are cognizable by nose, those phenomena are not cognizable by body. Those phenomena that are cognizable by body, those phenomena are not cognizable by tongue; or else those phenomena that are cognizable by tongue, those phenomena are not cognizable by body. These phenomena are cognizable in some way, not cognizable in some way.

Mental Corruptions Cluster

1102. What phenomena are mental corruptions? There are four mental corruptions - mental corruption of sensuality, mental corruption of existence, mental corruption of wrong view, mental corruption of ignorance.

1103. Therein, what is mental corruption of sensuality? Whatever sensual desire, sensual lust, sensual delight, sensual craving, sensual affection, sensual fever, sensual infatuation, sensual attachment towards sensual pleasures - this is called mental corruption of sensuality.

1104. Therein, what is mental corruption of existence? Whatever desire for existence, lust for existence, delight in existence, craving for existence, affection for existence, fever of existence, infatuation with existence, attachment to existence towards existences - this is called mental corruption of existence.

1105. Therein, what is mental corruption of wrong view? 'The world is eternal' or 'the world is non-eternal' or 'the world is finite' or 'the world is infinite' or 'the soul is the same as the body' or 'the soul is one thing and the body another' or 'the Tathāgata exists after death' or 'the Tathāgata does not exist after death' or 'the Tathāgata both exists and does not exist after death' or 'the Tathāgata neither exists nor does not exist after death'; whatever such view, wrong view, thicket of views, wilderness of views, wriggling of views, writhing of views, mental fetter of wrong view, grasping, formal acceptance, adherence, adherence, wrong path, wrong path, wrong course, sphere of sectarian doctrines, perverted grasp - this is called mental corruption of wrong view. All wrong view is mental corruption of wrong view.

1106. Therein, what is mental corruption of ignorance? Not knowing suffering, not knowing the origin of suffering, not knowing the cessation of suffering, not knowing the practice leading to the cessation of suffering, not knowing the past, not knowing the future, not knowing both the past and the future, not knowing phenomena that are dependently arisen through specific conditionality. Whatever such not knowing, non-seeing, non-full realization, non-understanding, non-highest enlightenment, non-penetration, non-inclusion, non-thorough investigation, non-equal observation, non-reviewing, non-realization, dullness, folly, lack of full awareness, delusion, bewilderment, confusion, ignorance, mental flood of ignorance, mental bond of ignorance, underlying tendency to ignorance, prepossession by ignorance, bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called mental corruption of ignorance.

These phenomena are mental corruptions.

1107. What mental states are non-mental corruptions? Setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included - the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter; and the unconditioned element - these mental states are non-mental corruptions.

1108. What mental states are with mental corruptions? Wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are with mental corruptions.

1109. What mental states are without mental corruptions? The not-included paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these mental states are without mental corruptions.

1110. What mental states are associated with mental corruptions? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are associated - the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are associated with mental corruptions.

1111. What mental states are dissociated from mental corruptions? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are dissociated - the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are dissociated from mental corruptions.

1112. What mental states are both mental corruptions and with mental corruptions? Those very mental corruptions are both mental corruptions and with mental corruptions.

1113. What mental states are with mental corruptions and not mental corruptions? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are with mental corruptions, setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are with mental corruptions and not mental corruptions.

1114. What mental states are both mental corruptions and associated with mental corruptions? The mental corruption of sensuality is both a mental corruption and associated with mental corruptions through the mental corruption of ignorance, the mental corruption of ignorance is both a mental corruption and associated with mental corruptions through the mental corruption of sensuality, the mental corruption of existence is both a mental corruption and associated with mental corruptions through the mental corruption of ignorance, the mental corruption of ignorance is both a mental corruption and associated with mental corruptions through the mental corruption of existence, the mental corruption of wrong view is both a mental corruption and associated with mental corruptions through the mental corruption of ignorance, the mental corruption of ignorance is both a mental corruption and associated with mental corruptions through the mental corruption of wrong view - these mental states are both mental corruptions and associated with mental corruptions.

1115. What mental states are associated with mental corruptions and not mental corruptions? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are associated, setting aside those mental states, the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are associated with mental corruptions and not mental corruptions.

1116. What mental states are dissociated from mental corruptions yet with mental corruptions? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are dissociated, with mental corruptions, wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are dissociated from mental corruptions yet with mental corruptions.

1117. What mental states are dissociated from mental corruptions and without mental corruptions? The not-included paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these mental states are dissociated from mental corruptions and without mental corruptions.

The first recitation section in the chapter on classification.

Mental Fetter Cluster

1118. What mental states are mental fetters? The ten mental fetters - the mental fetter of sensual lust, the mental fetter of aversion, the mental fetter of conceit, the mental fetter of wrong view, the mental fetter of sceptical doubt, the mental fetter of adherence to moral rules and austerities, the mental fetter of lust for existence, the mental fetter of envy, the mental fetter of stinginess, the mental fetter of ignorance.

1119. Therein, what is the mental fetter of sensual lust? Whatever sensual desire, sensual lust, sensual delight, sensual craving, sensual affection, sensual fever, sensual infatuation, sensual attachment towards sensual pleasures - this is called the mental fetter of sensual lust.

1120. Therein, what is the mental fetter of aversion? "He has done harm to me" - resentment arises; "he is doing harm to me" - resentment arises; "he will do harm to me" - resentment arises; "he has done harm to one who is dear and agreeable to me, etc. he is doing harm, etc. he will do harm" - resentment arises; "he has done good to one who is disagreeable and unpleasant to me, etc. he is doing good, etc. he will do good" - resentment arises; or else resentment arises without reason. Whatever such resentment of the mind, repulsion, aversion, opposition, irritation, fury, rage, hate, corruption, wickedness, mental corruption, ill-will, wrath, anger, the state of being angry, hate, hating, the state of having hated, corruption, being corrupted, the state of having been corrupted, opposition, hostility, ferocity, harshness, displeasure of the mind - this is called the mental fetter of aversion.

1121. Therein, what is the mental fetter of conceit? The conceit "I am superior," the conceit "I am equal," the conceit "I am inferior." Whatever such conceit, imagination, state of imagining, elevation, elation, flag, exertion, vainglory of consciousness - this is called the mental fetter of conceit.

1122. Therein, what is the mental fetter of wrong view? 'The world is eternal' or 'the world is non-eternal' or 'the world is finite' or 'the world is infinite' or 'the soul is the same as the body' or 'the soul is one thing and the body another' or 'the Tathāgata exists after death' or 'the Tathāgata does not exist after death' or 'the Tathāgata both exists and does not exist after death' or 'the Tathāgata neither exists nor does not exist after death'; whatever such view, wrong view, thicket of views, wilderness of views, wriggling of views, writhing of views, mental fetter of wrong view, grasping, formal acceptance, adherence, adherence, wrong path, wrong path, wrong course, sphere of sectarian doctrines, perverted grasp - this is called the mental fetter of wrong view. Setting aside the mental fetter of adherence to moral rules and austerities, all wrong view is the mental fetter of wrong view.

1123. Therein, what is the mental fetter of sceptical doubt? One is uncertain about the Teacher, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about the Teaching, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about the Community, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about the training, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about the past, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about the future, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about both the past and the future, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about phenomena that are dependently arisen through specific conditionality, doubts sceptically. Whatever such uncertainty, the act of being uncertain, the state of being uncertain, doubt, sceptical doubt, uncertainty, crossroad, wavering, lack of definite grasping, trembling, crawling about, non-penetration, state of obstinacy of consciousness, mental perplexity - this is called the mental fetter of sceptical doubt.

1124. Therein, what is the mental fetter of adherence to moral rules and austerities? Among ascetics and brahmins outside of this, "by morality there is purification, by ascetic practice there is purification, by moral rules and austerities there is purification"; whatever such view, wrong view, thicket of views, wilderness of views, wriggling of views, writhing of views, mental fetter of wrong view, grasping, support-grasping, adherence, adherence, wrong path, wrong path, wrong course, sphere of sectarian doctrines, perverted grasp - this is called the mental fetter of adherence to moral rules and austerities.

1125. Therein, what is the mental fetter of lust for existence? Whatever desire for existence, lust for existence, delight in existence, craving for existence, affection for existence, fever of existence, infatuation with existence, attachment to existence towards existences - this is called the mental fetter of lust for existence.

1126. Therein, what is the mental fetter of envy? Whatever envy, the act of envying, the state of being envious, jealousy, the act of being jealous, the state of being jealous regarding others' material gains, honour, respect, reverence, salutation, and veneration - this is called the mental fetter of envy.

1127. Therein, what is the mental fetter of stinginess? There are five kinds of stinginess - stinginess regarding residence, stinginess regarding family, stinginess regarding material gain, stinginess regarding praise, stinginess regarding the teachings. Whatever such stinginess, the act of being stingy, the state of being stingy, avarice, miserliness, the state of being harsh, the state of not grasping of the mind - this is called the mental fetter of stinginess.

1128. Therein, what is the mental fetter of ignorance? Not knowing suffering, not knowing the origin of suffering, not knowing the cessation of suffering, not knowing the practice leading to the cessation of suffering, not knowing the past, not knowing the future, not knowing both the past and the future, not knowing phenomena that are dependently arisen through specific conditionality. Whatever such not knowing, non-seeing, non-full realization, non-understanding, non-highest enlightenment, non-penetration, non-inclusion, non-thorough investigation, non-equal observation, non-reviewing, non-realization, dullness, folly, lack of full awareness, delusion, bewilderment, confusion, ignorance, mental flood of ignorance, mental bond of ignorance, underlying tendency to ignorance, prepossession by ignorance, bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called the mental fetter of ignorance.

These phenomena are mental fetters.

1129. What mental states are non-mental fetters? Setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are non-mental fetters.

1130. What mental states are subject to mental fetters? Wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are subject to mental fetters.

1131. What phenomena are not subject to mental fetters? The not-included paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these phenomena are not subject to mental fetters.

1132. What mental states are associated with mental fetters? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are associated - the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are associated with mental fetters.

1133. What mental states are dissociated from mental fetters? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are dissociated - the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are dissociated from mental fetters.

1134. What phenomena are both mental fetters and subject to mental fetters? Those very mental fetters are both mental fetters and subject to mental fetters.

1135. What mental states are subject to mental fetters and not mental fetters? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are subject to mental fetters, setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are subject to mental fetters and not mental fetters.

1136. What phenomena are both mental fetters and associated with mental fetters? The mental fetter of sensual lust is both a mental fetter and associated with mental fetters through the mental fetter of ignorance, the mental fetter of ignorance is both a mental fetter and associated with mental fetters through the mental fetter of sensual lust, the mental fetter of aversion is both a mental fetter and associated with mental fetters through the mental fetter of ignorance, the mental fetter of ignorance is both a mental fetter and associated with mental fetters through the mental fetter of aversion, the mental fetter of conceit is both a mental fetter and associated with mental fetters through the mental fetter of ignorance, the mental fetter of ignorance is both a mental fetter and associated with mental fetters through the mental fetter of conceit, the mental fetter of wrong view is both a mental fetter and associated with mental fetters through the mental fetter of ignorance, the mental fetter of ignorance is both a mental fetter and associated with mental fetters through the mental fetter of wrong view, the mental fetter of sceptical doubt is both a mental fetter and associated with mental fetters through the mental fetter of ignorance, the mental fetter of ignorance is both a mental fetter and associated with mental fetters through the mental fetter of sceptical doubt, the mental fetter of adherence to moral rules and austerities is both a mental fetter and associated with mental fetters through the mental fetter of ignorance, the mental fetter of ignorance is both a mental fetter and associated with mental fetters through the mental fetter of adherence to moral rules and austerities, the mental fetter of lust for existence is both a mental fetter and associated with mental fetters through the mental fetter of ignorance, the mental fetter of ignorance is both a mental fetter and associated with mental fetters through the mental fetter of lust for existence, the mental fetter of envy is both a mental fetter and associated with mental fetters through the mental fetter of ignorance, the mental fetter of ignorance is both a mental fetter and associated with mental fetters through the mental fetter of envy, the mental fetter of stinginess is both a mental fetter and associated with mental fetters through the mental fetter of ignorance, the mental fetter of ignorance is both a mental fetter and associated with mental fetters through the mental fetter of stinginess - these phenomena are both mental fetters and associated with mental fetters.

1137. What mental states are associated with mental fetters and not mental fetters? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are associated, setting aside those mental states, the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are associated with mental fetters and not mental fetters.

1138. What mental states are dissociated from mental fetters yet subject to mental fetters? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are dissociated, with mental corruptions, wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are dissociated from mental fetters yet subject to mental fetters.

1139. What mental states are dissociated from mental fetters and not subject to mental fetters? The not-included paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these mental states are dissociated from mental fetters and not subject to mental fetters.

Mental Knot Cluster

1140. What mental states are mental knots? There are four mental knots - covetousness is a bodily knot, anger is a bodily knot, adherence to moral rules and austerities is a bodily knot, dogmatic belief that "This alone is the truth" is a bodily knot.

1141. Therein, what is covetousness, a bodily knot? Whatever lust, passion, attraction, compliance, delight, passionate delight, mental passion, desire, infatuation, holding, greed, intense greed, attachment, mire, longing, deceit, genetrix, producer, seamstress, ensnarer, flowing, clinging, thread, spread, accumulator, companion, aspiration, conduit to existence, forest, undergrowth, intimacy, affection, expectation, kinship, hope, wishing, the state of wishing, hope for visible form, hope for sound, hope for odour, hope for flavour, hope for tangible object, hope for material gain, hope for wealth, hope for sons, hope for life, praying, excessive praying, intense praying, praying, the act of praying, the state of having prayed, greed, the act of being greedy, the state of being greedy, tail-wagging, desire for excellence, lust for what is not according to the Teaching, unrighteous greed, attachment, desiring, longing, yearning, aspiring, sensual craving, craving for existence, craving for non-existence, craving for fine-material existence, craving for immaterial existence, craving for cessation, craving for visible form, craving for sound, craving for odour, craving for flavour, craving for tangible object, craving for mental objects, mental flood, mental bond, mental knot, clinging, obstruction, mental hindrance, covering, bondage, impurity, underlying tendency, prepossession, creeper, avarice, root of suffering, source of suffering, origin of suffering, Māra's snare, Māra's hook, Māra's domain, river of craving, net of craving, leash of craving, ocean of craving, covetousness, greed, unwholesome root - this is called covetousness, a bodily knot.

1142. Therein, what is anger, a bodily knot? "He has done harm to me" - resentment arises; "he is doing harm to me" - resentment arises; "he will do harm to me" - resentment arises; "he has done harm to one who is dear and agreeable to me, etc. he is doing harm, etc. he will do harm" - resentment arises; "he has done good to one who is disagreeable and unpleasant to me, etc. he is doing good, etc. he will do good" - resentment arises; or else resentment arises without reason. Whatever such resentment of the mind, repulsion, aversion, opposition, irritation, fury, rage, hate, corruption, wickedness, mental corruption, ill-will, wrath, anger, the state of being angry, hate, hating, the state of having hated, corruption, being corrupted, the state of having been corrupted, opposition, hostility, ferocity, harshness, displeasure of the mind - this is called anger, a bodily knot.

1143. Therein, what is adherence to moral rules and austerities, a bodily knot? Among ascetics and brahmins outside of this, "by morality there is purification, by ascetic practice there is purification, by moral rules and austerities there is purification" - whatever such view, wrong view, thicket of views, wilderness of views, wriggling of views, writhing of views, mental fetter of wrong view, grasping, support-grasping, adherence, adherence, wrong path, wrong path, wrong course, sphere of sectarian doctrines, perverted grasp - this is called adherence to moral rules and austerities, a bodily knot.

1144. Therein, what is dogmatic belief that "This alone is the truth," a bodily knot? "The world is eternal, only this is the truth, anything else is vain"; or "the world is non-eternal, only this is the truth, anything else is vain"; or "the world is finite, only this is the truth, anything else is vain"; or "the world is infinite, only this is the truth, anything else is vain"; or "the soul is the same as the body, only this is the truth, anything else is vain"; or "the soul is one thing and the body another, only this is the truth, anything else is vain"; or "the Tathāgata exists after death, only this is the truth, anything else is vain"; or "the Tathāgata does not exist after death, only this is the truth, anything else is vain"; or "the Tathāgata both exists and does not exist after death, only this is the truth, anything else is vain"; or "the Tathāgata neither exists nor does not exist after death, only this is the truth, anything else is vain" - whatever such view, wrong view, thicket of views, wilderness of views, wriggling of views, writhing of views, mental fetter of wrong view, grasping, support-grasping, adherence, adherence, wrong path, wrong path, wrong course, sphere of sectarian doctrines, perverted grasp - this is called dogmatic belief that "This alone is the truth," a bodily knot. Setting aside adherence to moral rules and austerities, a bodily knot, all wrong view is dogmatic belief that "This alone is the truth," a bodily knot.

These phenomena are mental knots.

1145. What mental states are non-mental knots? Setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are non-mental knots.

1146. What mental states are subject to mental knots? Wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are subject to mental knots.

1147. What phenomena are not subject to mental knots? The not-included paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these phenomena are not subject to mental knots.

1148. What mental states are associated with mental knots? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are associated - the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are associated with mental knots.

1149. What mental states are dissociated from mental knots? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are dissociated - the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness, and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are dissociated from mental knots.

1150. What states are both mental knots and subject to mental knots? Those same mental knots are both mental knots and subject to mental knots.

1151. What mental states are subject to mental knots and not mental knots? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are subject to mental knots, setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are subject to mental knots and not mental knots.

1152. What states are both mental knots and associated with mental knots? Adherence to moral rules and austerities, a bodily knot, is both a mental knot and associated with mental knots through the bodily knot of covetousness; the bodily knot of covetousness is both a mental knot and associated with mental knots through adherence to moral rules and austerities, a bodily knot; dogmatic belief that "This alone is the truth," a bodily knot, is both a mental knot and associated with mental knots through the bodily knot of covetousness; the bodily knot of covetousness is both a mental knot and associated with mental knots through dogmatic belief that "This alone is the truth," a bodily knot - these states are both mental knots and associated with mental knots.

1153. What mental states are associated with mental knots and not mental knots? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are associated, setting aside those mental states, the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are associated with mental knots and not mental knots.

1154. What mental states are dissociated from mental knots yet subject to mental knots? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are dissociated, with mental corruptions, wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are dissociated from mental knots yet subject to mental knots.

1155. What mental states are dissociated from mental knots and not subject to mental knots? The not-included paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these mental states are dissociated from mental knots and not subject to mental knots.

Mental Flood Cluster

1156. What mental states are mental floods? Four mental floods, etc. these mental states are dissociated from mental floods and subject to mental floods.

Mental Bond Cluster

1157. What phenomena are mental bonds? Four mental bonds, etc. these phenomena are dissociated from mental bonds and subject to mental bonds.

Mental Hindrance Cluster

1158. What mental states are mental hindrances? Six mental hindrances - the mental hindrance of sensual desire, the mental hindrance of anger, the mental hindrance of sloth and torpor, the mental hindrance of restlessness and remorse, the mental hindrance of sceptical doubt, the mental hindrance of ignorance.

1159. Therein, what is the mental hindrance of sensual desire? Whatever sensual desire, sensual lust, sensual delight, sensual craving, sensual affection, sensual fever, sensual infatuation, sensual attachment towards sensual pleasures - this is called the mental hindrance of sensual desire.

1160. Therein, what is the mental hindrance of anger? "He has done harm to me" - resentment arises; "he is doing harm to me" - resentment arises; "he will do harm to me" - resentment arises; 'He has done harm to one who is dear and agreeable to me, etc. he is doing harm, etc. he will do harm" - resentment arises; "he has done good to one who is disagreeable and unpleasant to me, etc. he is doing good, etc. he will do good" - resentment arises; or else resentment arises without reason. Whatever such resentment of the mind, repulsion, aversion, opposition, irritation, fury, rage, hate, corruption, wickedness, mental corruption, ill-will, wrath, anger, the state of being angry, hate, hating, the state of having hated, corruption, being corrupted, the state of having been corrupted, opposition, hostility, ferocity, harshness, displeasure of the mind - this is called the mental hindrance of anger.

1161. Therein, what is the mental hindrance of sloth and torpor? There is sloth, there is torpor.

1162. Therein, what is sloth? Whatever is the unwieldiness of consciousness, the unfitness for work, sluggishness, stolidity, shrinking, the act of shrinking, the state of having shrunk, sloth, being slothful, the state of sloth of consciousness - this is called sloth.

1163. Therein, what is torpor? Whatever is the unwieldiness of the body, the unfitness for work, the covering, the enveloping, the internal obstruction, torpor, sleeping, nodding, sleeping, the act of sleeping, the state of having slept - this is called torpor. Thus this sloth and this torpor - this is called the mental hindrance of sloth and torpor.

1164. Therein, what is the mental hindrance of restlessness and remorse? There is restlessness, there is remorse.

1165. Therein, what is restlessness? Whatever restlessness of the mind, non-appeasement, distraction of the mind, turmoil of the mind - this is called restlessness.

1166. Therein, what is remorse? Perceiving what is not allowable as allowable, perceiving what is allowable as not allowable, perceiving what is faultless as faulty, perceiving what is faulty as faultless. Whatever such remorse, the act of having remorse, the state of having remorse, regret of the mind, mental perplexity - this is called remorse. Thus this restlessness and this remorse - this is called the mental hindrance of restlessness and remorse.

1167. Therein, what is the mental hindrance of sceptical doubt? One is uncertain about the Teacher, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about the Teaching, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about the Community, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about the training, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about the past, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about the future, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about both the past and the future, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about phenomena that are dependently arisen through specific conditionality, doubts sceptically. Whatever such uncertainty, the act of being uncertain, the state of being uncertain, doubt, sceptical doubt, uncertainty, crossroad, wavering, lack of definite grasping, trembling, crawling about, non-penetration, state of obstinacy of consciousness, mental perplexity - this is called the mental hindrance of sceptical doubt.

1168. Therein, what is the mental hindrance of ignorance? Not knowing suffering, not knowing the origin of suffering, not knowing the cessation of suffering, not knowing the practice leading to the cessation of suffering, not knowing the past, not knowing the future, not knowing both the past and the future, not knowing phenomena that are dependently arisen through specific conditionality. Whatever such not knowing, non-seeing, non-full realization, non-understanding, non-highest enlightenment, non-penetration, non-inclusion, non-thorough investigation, non-equal observation, non-reviewing, non-realization, dullness, folly, lack of full awareness, delusion, bewilderment, confusion, ignorance, mental flood of ignorance, mental bond of ignorance, underlying tendency to ignorance, prepossession by ignorance, bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called the mental hindrance of ignorance.

These phenomena are mental hindrances.

1169. What mental states are non-mental hindrances? Setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are non-mental hindrances.

1170. What mental states are subject to mental hindrances? Wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are subject to mental hindrances.

1171. What mental states are not subject to mental hindrances? The not-included paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these mental states are not subject to mental hindrances.

1172. What mental states are associated with mental hindrances? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are associated - the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are associated with mental hindrances.

1173. What mental states are dissociated from mental hindrances? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are dissociated - the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are dissociated from mental hindrances.

1174. What mental states are both mental hindrances and subject to mental hindrances? Those very mental hindrances are both mental hindrances and subject to mental hindrances.

1175. What mental states are subject to mental hindrances and not mental hindrances? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are subject to mental hindrances, setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are subject to mental hindrances and not mental hindrances.

1176. What mental states are both mental hindrances and associated with mental hindrances? The mental hindrance of sensual desire is, by the mental hindrance of ignorance, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of ignorance is, by the mental hindrance of sensual desire, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of anger is, by the mental hindrance of ignorance, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of ignorance is, by the mental hindrance of anger, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of sloth and torpor is, by the mental hindrance of ignorance, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of ignorance is, by the mental hindrance of sloth and torpor, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of restlessness is, by the mental hindrance of ignorance, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of ignorance is, by the mental hindrance of restlessness, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of remorse is, by the mental hindrance of ignorance, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of ignorance is, by the mental hindrance of remorse, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of sceptical doubt is, by the mental hindrance of ignorance, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of ignorance is, by the mental hindrance of sceptical doubt, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of sensual desire is, by the mental hindrance of restlessness, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of restlessness is, by the mental hindrance of sensual desire, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of anger is, by the mental hindrance of restlessness, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of restlessness is, by the mental hindrance of anger, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of sloth and torpor is, by the mental hindrance of restlessness, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of restlessness is, by the mental hindrance of sloth and torpor, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of remorse is, by the mental hindrance of restlessness, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of restlessness is, by the mental hindrance of remorse, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of sceptical doubt is, by the mental hindrance of restlessness, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of restlessness is, by the mental hindrance of sceptical doubt, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of ignorance is, by the mental hindrance of restlessness, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances; the mental hindrance of restlessness is, by the mental hindrance of ignorance, both a mental hindrance and associated with mental hindrances - these mental states are both mental hindrances and associated with mental hindrances.

1177. What mental states are associated with mental hindrances and not mental hindrances? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are associated, setting aside those mental states, the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are associated with mental hindrances and not mental hindrances.

1178. What mental states are dissociated from mental hindrances and subject to mental hindrances? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are dissociated, with mental corruptions, wholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are dissociated from mental hindrances and subject to mental hindrances.

1179. What mental states are dissociated from mental hindrances and not subject to mental hindrances? The not-included paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these mental states are dissociated from mental hindrances and not subject to mental hindrances.

Adherence Cluster

1180. What mental states are adherence? Adherence to views.

1181. Therein, what is adherence to views? 'The world is eternal' or 'the world is non-eternal' or 'the world is finite' or 'the world is infinite' or 'the soul is the same as the body' or 'the soul is one thing and the body another' or 'the Tathāgata exists after death' or 'the Tathāgata does not exist after death' or 'the Tathāgata both exists and does not exist after death' or 'the Tathāgata neither exists nor does not exist after death' - whatever such view, wrong view, thicket of views, wilderness of views, wriggling of views, writhing of views, mental fetter of wrong view, grasping, support-grasping, adherence, adherence, wrong path, wrong path, wrong course, sphere of sectarian doctrines, perverted grasp - this is called adherence to views. All wrong view is adherence to views.

These phenomena are adherences.

1182. What mental states are non-adherence? Setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are non-adherence.

1183. What mental states are adhered to? Wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are adhered to.

1184. What phenomena are not adhered to? The not-included paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these phenomena are not adhered to.

1185. What mental states are associated with adherence? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are associated - the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are associated with adherence.

1186. What mental states are dissociated from adherence? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are dissociated - the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are dissociated from adherence.

1187. What mental states are both adherence and adhered to? That same adherence is both adherence and adhered to.

1188. What mental states are adhered to and not adherence? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are adhered to, setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are adhered to and not adherence.

1189. What mental states are dissociated from adherence and adhered to? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are dissociated, with mental corruptions, wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are dissociated from adherence and adhered to.

1190. What mental states are dissociated from adherence and not adhered to? The not-included paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these mental states are dissociated from adherence and not adhered to.

Greater Intermediate Dyad

1191. What mental states are with sense-object? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are with sense-object.

1192. What phenomena are without object? All matter and the unconditioned element - these phenomena are without object.

1193. What mental states are consciousness? Eye-consciousness, ear-consciousness, nose-consciousness, tongue-consciousness, body-consciousness, mind-element, mind-consciousness element - these mental states are consciousness.

1194. What mental states are not consciousness? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are not consciousness.

1195. What mental states are mental? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - these mental states are mental.

1196. What phenomena are not mental factors? Consciousness, and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these phenomena are not mental factors.

1197. What mental states are associated with consciousness? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - these mental states are associated with consciousness.

1198. What phenomena are dissociated from consciousness? All matter and the unconditioned element - these phenomena are dissociated from consciousness. Consciousness is not to be spoken of - as "associated with consciousness" or as "dissociated from consciousness".

1199. What phenomena are conjoined with consciousness? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - these phenomena are conjoined with consciousness.

1200. What mental states are disjoined from consciousness? All matter and the unconditioned element - these mental states are disjoined from consciousness. Consciousness is not to be spoken of - as "conjoined with consciousness" or as "disjoined from consciousness".

1201. What phenomena are consciousness-originated? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities; bodily intimation, verbal intimation; or whatever other matter there is that is mind-produced, consciousness-rooted, consciousness-originated - the visible form sense base, the sound sense base, the odour sense base, the flavour sense base, the touch sense base, the space element, the liquid element, lightness of materiality, malleability of materiality, wieldiness of materiality, production of materiality, continuity of materiality, edible food - these phenomena are consciousness-originated.

1202. What mental states are not consciousness-originated? Consciousness, and the remaining matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are not consciousness-originated.

1203. What mental states are concomitant with consciousness? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, bodily intimation, verbal intimation - these mental states are concomitant with consciousness.

1204. What mental states are not concomitant with consciousness? Consciousness, and the remaining matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are not concomitant with consciousness.

1205. What mental states are consecutive to consciousness? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, bodily intimation, verbal intimation - these mental states are consecutive to consciousness.

1206. What mental states are not consecutive to consciousness? Consciousness, and the remaining matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are not consecutive to consciousness.

1207. What states originate conjoined with consciousness? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - these states originate conjoined with consciousness.

1208. What mental states do not originate conjoined with consciousness? Consciousness, and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states do not originate conjoined with consciousness.

1209. What states originate conjoined with consciousness and arise together with it? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - these states originate conjoined with consciousness and arise together with it.

1210. What mental states do not originate conjoined with consciousness and arise together with it? Consciousness, and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states do not originate conjoined with consciousness and arise together with it.

1211. What states originate conjoined with consciousness and follow it? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - these states originate conjoined with consciousness and follow it.

1212. What mental states do not originate conjoined with consciousness and follow it? Consciousness, and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states do not originate conjoined with consciousness and follow it.

1213. What phenomena are internal? The eye sense base, etc. the mind sense base - these phenomena are internal.

1214. What phenomena are external? The visible form sense base, etc. the mind-object sense base - these phenomena are external.

1215. What phenomena are derived? The eye sense base, etc. edible food - these phenomena are derived.

1216. What mental states are non-derived? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness, and the four primary elements, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are non-derived.

1217. What mental states are clung to? The results of wholesome and unwholesome mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and whatever matter is due to action having been done - these mental states are clung to.

1218. What mental states are not clung-to? Wholesome-unwholesome mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and whatever mental states are functional, neither wholesome nor unwholesome, and not results of action; and whatever matter is not due to action having been done; the not-included paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these mental states are not clung-to.

Clinging Cluster

1219. What mental states are clinging? There are four kinds of clinging - clinging to sensual pleasures, clinging to views, clinging to moral rules and austerities, clinging to the doctrine of self.

1220. Therein, what is clinging to sensual pleasures? Whatever sensual desire, sensual lust, sensual delight, sensual craving, sensual affection, sensual fever, sensual infatuation, sensual attachment towards sensual pleasures - this is called clinging to sensual pleasures.

1221. Therein, what is clinging to views? "There is not what is given, there is not what is sacrificed, there is not what is offered, there is no fruit and result of good and bad actions, there is not this world, there is not the other world, there is not mother, there is not father, there are no spontaneously reborn beings, there are not in the world ascetics and brahmins who have gone the right way, who have rightly practised, who proclaim this world and the other world, having realised them by direct knowledge themselves" - whatever such view, wrong view, thicket of views, wilderness of views, wriggling of views, writhing of views, mental fetter of wrong view, grasping, support-grasping, adherence, adherence, wrong path, wrong path, wrong course, sphere of sectarian doctrines, perverted grasp - this is called clinging to views. Setting aside clinging to moral rules and austerities and clinging to the doctrine of self, all wrong view is clinging to views.

1222. Therein, what is clinging to moral rules and austerities? Among ascetics and brahmins outside of this, "by morality there is purification, by ascetic practice there is purification, by moral rules and austerities there is purification" - whatever such view, wrong view, thicket of views, wilderness of views, wriggling of views, writhing of views, mental fetter of wrong view, grasping, support-grasping, adherence, adherence, wrong path, wrong path, wrong course, sphere of sectarian doctrines, perverted grasp - this is called clinging to moral rules and austerities.

1223. Therein, what is clinging to the doctrine of self? Here an ignorant worldling, who does not see the noble ones, who is not skilled in the noble teaching, who is undisciplined in the noble teaching, who does not see good persons, who is not skilled in the teaching of good persons, who is undisciplined in the teaching of good persons, regards matter as self, or self as possessing matter, or matter as in self, or self as in matter. Feeling... etc. Perception... etc. Activities... etc. He regards consciousness as self, or self as possessing consciousness, or consciousness as in self, or self as in consciousness. Whatever such view, wrong view, thicket of views, wilderness of views, wriggling of views, writhing of views, mental fetter of wrong view, grasping, support-grasping, adherence, adherence, wrong path, wrong path, wrong course, sphere of sectarian doctrines, perverted grasp - this is called clinging to the doctrine of self.

These phenomena are clinging.

1224. What mental states are non-clinging? Setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are non-clinging.

1225. What mental states are subject to clinging? Wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are subject to clinging.

1226. What phenomena are not subject to clinging? The not-included paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these phenomena are not subject to clinging.

1227. What mental states are associated with clinging? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are associated - the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are associated with clinging.

1228. What mental states are dissociated from clinging? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are dissociated - the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are dissociated from clinging.

1229. What mental states are both clinging and subject to clinging? Those very clingings are both clinging and subject to clinging.

1230. What mental states are subject to clinging and not clinging? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are subject to clinging, setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are subject to clinging and not clinging.

1231. What mental states are both clinging and associated with clinging? Clinging to views is both clinging and associated with clinging through clinging to sensual pleasures, clinging to sensual pleasures is both clinging and associated with clinging through clinging to views, clinging to moral rules and austerities is both clinging and associated with clinging through clinging to sensual pleasures, clinging to sensual pleasures is both clinging and associated with clinging through clinging to moral rules and austerities, clinging to the doctrine of self is both clinging and associated with clinging through clinging to sensual pleasures, clinging to sensual pleasures is both clinging and associated with clinging through clinging to the doctrine of self - these mental states are both clinging and associated with clinging.

1232. What mental states are associated with clinging and not clinging? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are associated, setting aside those mental states, the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are associated with clinging and not clinging.

1233. What mental states are dissociated from clinging and subject to clinging? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are dissociated, with mental corruptions, wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are dissociated from clinging and subject to clinging.

1234. What mental states are dissociated from clinging and not subject to clinging? The not-included paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these mental states are dissociated from clinging and not subject to clinging.

The second recitation section in the chapter on classification.

Mental Defilement Cluster

1235. What mental states are mental defilements? Ten bases of mental defilements - greed, hate, delusion, conceit, wrong view, sceptical doubt, sloth, restlessness, shamelessness, moral fearlessness.

1236. Therein, what is greed? Whatever lust, passion, attraction, compliance, delight, passionate delight, mental passion, desire, infatuation, holding, greed, intense greed, attachment, mire, longing, deceit, genetrix, producer, seamstress, ensnarer, flowing, clinging, thread, spread, accumulator, companion, aspiration, conduit to existence, forest, undergrowth, intimacy, affection, expectation, kinship, hope, wishing, the state of wishing, hope for visible form, hope for sound, hope for odour, hope for flavour, hope for tangible object, hope for material gain, hope for wealth, hope for sons, hope for life, praying, excessive praying, intense praying, praying, the act of praying, the state of having prayed, greed, the act of being greedy, the state of being greedy, tail-wagging, desire for excellence, lust for what is not according to the Teaching, unrighteous greed, attachment, desiring, longing, yearning, aspiring, sensual craving, craving for existence, craving for non-existence, craving for fine-material existence, craving for immaterial existence, craving for cessation, craving for visible form, craving for sound, craving for odour, craving for flavour, craving for tangible object, craving for mental objects, mental flood, mental bond, mental knot, clinging, obstruction, mental hindrance, covering, bondage, impurity, underlying tendency, prepossession, creeper, avarice, root of suffering, source of suffering, origin of suffering, Māra's snare, Māra's hook, Māra's domain, river of craving, net of craving, leash of craving, ocean of craving, covetousness, greed, unwholesome root - this is called greed.

1237. Therein, what is hate? "He has done harm to me" - resentment arises; "he is doing harm to me" - resentment arises; "he will do harm to me" - resentment arises; "he has done harm to one who is dear and agreeable to me, etc. he is doing harm, etc. he will do harm" - resentment arises; "he has done good to one who is disagreeable and unpleasant to me, etc. he is doing good, etc. he will do good" - resentment arises; or else resentment arises without reason. Whatever such resentment of the mind, repulsion, aversion, opposition, irritation, fury, rage, hate, corruption, wickedness, mental corruption, ill-will, wrath, anger, the state of being angry, hate, hating, the state of having hated, corruption, being corrupted, the state of having been corrupted, opposition, hostility, ferocity, harshness, displeasure of the mind - this is called hate.

1238. Therein, what is delusion? Not knowing suffering, not knowing the origin of suffering, not knowing the cessation of suffering, not knowing the practice leading to the cessation of suffering, not knowing the past, not knowing the future, not knowing both the past and the future, not knowing phenomena that are dependently arisen through specific conditionality. Whatever such not knowing, non-seeing, non-full realization, non-understanding, non-highest enlightenment, non-penetration, non-inclusion, non-thorough investigation, non-equal observation, non-reviewing, non-realization, dullness, folly, lack of full awareness, delusion, bewilderment, confusion, ignorance, mental flood of ignorance, mental bond of ignorance, underlying tendency to ignorance, prepossession by ignorance, bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - This is called delusion.

1239. Therein, what is conceit? The conceit "I am superior," the conceit "I am equal," the conceit "I am inferior;" whatever such conceit, imagination, state of imagining, elevation, elation, flag, exertion, vainglory of consciousness - this is called conceit.

1240. Therein, what is view? 'The world is eternal' or 'the world is non-eternal' or 'the world is finite' or 'the world is infinite' or 'the soul is the same as the body' or 'the soul is one thing and the body another' or 'the Tathāgata exists after death' or 'the Tathāgata does not exist after death' or 'the Tathāgata both exists and does not exist after death' or 'the Tathāgata neither exists nor does not exist after death' - whatever such view, wrong view, thicket of views, wilderness of views, wriggling of views, writhing of views, mental fetter of wrong view, grasping, support-grasping, adherence, adherence, wrong path, wrong path, wrong course, sphere of sectarian doctrines, perverted grasp - this is called view. All wrong view is view.

1241. Therein, what is sceptical doubt? One is uncertain about the Teacher, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about the Teaching, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about the Community, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about the training, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about the past, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about the future, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about both the past and the future, doubts sceptically; is uncertain about phenomena that are dependently arisen through specific conditionality, doubts sceptically. Whatever such uncertainty, the act of being uncertain, the state of being uncertain, doubt, sceptical doubt, uncertainty, crossroad, wavering, lack of definite grasping, trembling, crawling about, non-penetration, state of obstinacy of consciousness, mental perplexity - this is called sceptical doubt.

1242. Therein, what is sloth? Whatever is the unwieldiness of consciousness, the unfitness for work, sluggishness, stolidity, shrinking, the act of shrinking, the state of having shrunk, sloth, being slothful, the state of sloth of consciousness - this is called sloth.

1243. Therein, what is restlessness? Whatever restlessness of the mind, non-appeasement, distraction of the mind, turmoil of the mind - this is called restlessness.

1244. Therein, what is shamelessness? Whatever is not being ashamed of what should be ashamed of, not being ashamed of the attainment of evil unwholesome mental states - this is called shamelessness.

1245. Therein, what is moral fearlessness? Whatever is not having moral fear of what should be feared, not having moral fear of the attainment of evil unwholesome mental states - this is called moral fearlessness.

These phenomena are mental defilements.

1246. What mental states are non-mental defilements? Setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are non-mental defilements.

1247. What mental states are subject to defilement? Wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are subject to defilement.

1248. What phenomena are not subject to mental defilement? The not-included paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these phenomena are not subject to mental defilement.

1249. What mental states are defiled? Three unwholesome roots - greed, hate, delusion; and the co-existent mental defilements, the aggregate of feeling associated with them, etc. aggregate of consciousness, bodily action, verbal action, mental action originating from them - these mental states are defiled.

1250. What mental states are undefiled? Wholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are undefiled.

1251. What mental states are associated with mental defilements? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are associated - the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are associated with mental defilements.

1252. What mental states are dissociated from mental defilements? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are dissociated - the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are dissociated from mental defilements.

1253. What states are both mental defilements and subject to defilement? Those mental defilements are both mental defilements and subject to defilement.

1254. What mental states are subject to defilement and not mental defilements? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are subject to defilement, setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are subject to defilement and not mental defilements.

1255. What states are both mental defilements and defiled? Those mental defilements are both mental defilements and defiled.

1256. What mental states are defiled and not mental defilements? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are defiled, setting aside those mental states, the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are defiled and not mental defilements.

1257. What states are both mental defilements and associated with mental defilements? Greed with delusion is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, delusion with greed is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, hate with delusion is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, delusion with hate is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, conceit with delusion is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, delusion with conceit is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, wrong view with delusion is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, delusion with wrong view is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, sceptical doubt with delusion is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, delusion with sceptical doubt is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, sloth with delusion is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, delusion with sloth is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, restlessness with delusion is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, delusion with restlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, shamelessness with delusion is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, delusion with shamelessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, moral fearlessness with delusion is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, delusion with moral fearlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, greed with restlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, restlessness with greed is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, hate with restlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, restlessness with hate is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, delusion with restlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, restlessness with delusion is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, conceit with restlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, restlessness with conceit is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, wrong view with restlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, restlessness with wrong view is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, sceptical doubt with restlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, restlessness with sceptical doubt is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, sloth with restlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, restlessness with sloth is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, shamelessness with restlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, restlessness with shamelessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, moral fearlessness with restlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, restlessness with moral fearlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, greed with shamelessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, shamelessness with greed is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, hate with shamelessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, shamelessness with hate is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, delusion with shamelessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, shamelessness with delusion is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, conceit with shamelessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, shamelessness with conceit is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, wrong view with shamelessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, shamelessness with wrong view is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, sceptical doubt with shamelessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, shamelessness with sceptical doubt is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, sloth with shamelessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, shamelessness with sloth is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, restlessness with shamelessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, shamelessness with restlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, moral fearlessness with shamelessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, shamelessness with moral fearlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, greed with moral fearlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, moral fearlessness with greed is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, hate with moral fearlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, moral fearlessness with hate is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, delusion with moral fearlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, moral fearlessness with delusion is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, conceit with moral fearlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, moral fearlessness with conceit is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, wrong view with moral fearlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, moral fearlessness with wrong view is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, sceptical doubt with moral fearlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, moral fearlessness with sceptical doubt is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, sloth with moral fearlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, moral fearlessness with sloth is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, restlessness with moral fearlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, moral fearlessness with restlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, shamelessness with moral fearlessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements, moral fearlessness with shamelessness is both a mental defilement and associated with mental defilements - these states are both mental defilements and associated with mental defilements.

1258. What mental states are associated with mental defilements and not mental defilements? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are associated, setting aside those mental states, the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are associated with mental defilements and not mental defilements.

1259. What mental states are dissociated from mental defilements and subject to defilement? Of those mental states, whatever mental states are dissociated, with mental corruptions, wholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are dissociated from mental defilements and subject to defilement.

1260. What mental states are dissociated from mental defilements and not subject to mental defilement? The not-included paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these mental states are dissociated from mental defilements and not subject to mental defilement.

Last Dyad

1261. What phenomena are to be abandoned through vision? Three mental fetters - identity view, sceptical doubt, adherence to moral rules and austerities.

1262. Therein, what is identity view? Here an ignorant worldling, who does not see the noble ones, who is not skilled in the noble teaching, who is undisciplined in the noble teaching, who does not see good persons, who is not skilled in the teaching of good persons, who is undisciplined in the teaching of good persons, regards matter as self, or self as possessing matter, or matter as in self, or self as in matter. Feeling... etc. Perception... etc. Activities... etc. he regards consciousness as self, or self as possessing consciousness, or consciousness as in self, or self as in consciousness. Whatever such view, wrong view, etc. perverted grasp - this is called identity view.

1263. Therein, what is sceptical doubt? One is uncertain about the Teacher, doubts sceptically, etc. state of obstinacy of consciousness, mental perplexity - this is called sceptical doubt.

1264. Therein, what is adherence to moral rules and austerities? Among ascetics and brahmins outside of this, "by morality there is purification, by ascetic practice there is purification, by moral rules and austerities there is purification" - whatever such view, wrong view, etc. perverted grasp - this is called adherence to moral rules and austerities. These three mental fetters, and the co-existent mental defilements, the aggregate of feeling associated with them, etc. aggregate of consciousness, bodily action, verbal action, mental action originating from them - these phenomena are to be abandoned through vision.

1265. What mental states are not to be abandoned through vision? Setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness, and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are not to be abandoned through vision.

1266. What phenomena are to be abandoned by meditative development? The remaining greed, hate, delusion, and the co-existent mental defilements, the aggregate of feeling associated with them, etc. aggregate of consciousness, bodily action, verbal action, mental action originating from them - these phenomena are to be abandoned by meditative development.

1267. What mental states are not to be abandoned by meditative development? Setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are not to be abandoned by meditative development.

1268. What phenomena are connected with root to be abandoned through vision? Three mental fetters - identity view, sceptical doubt, adherence to moral rules and austerities.

1269. Therein, what is identity view? Here an ignorant worldling, who does not see the noble ones, who is not skilled in the noble teaching, who is undisciplined in the noble teaching, who does not see good persons, who is not skilled in the teaching of good persons, who is undisciplined in the teaching of good persons, regards matter as self, or self as possessing matter, or matter as in self, or self as in matter. Feeling... etc. Perception... etc. Activities... etc. he regards consciousness as self, or self as possessing consciousness, or consciousness as in self, or self as in consciousness. Whatever such view, wrong view, etc. perverted grasp - this is called identity view.

1270. Therein, what is sceptical doubt? One is uncertain about the Teacher, doubts sceptically, etc. state of obstinacy of consciousness, mental perplexity - this is called sceptical doubt.

1271. Therein, what is adherence to moral rules and austerities? Among ascetics and brahmins outside of this, "by morality there is purification, by ascetic practice there is purification, by moral rules and austerities there is purification" - whatever such view, wrong view, etc. perverted grasp - this is called adherence to moral rules and austerities. These three mental fetters, and the co-existent mental defilements, the aggregate of feeling associated with them, etc. aggregate of consciousness, bodily action, verbal action, mental action originating from them - these phenomena are connected with root to be abandoned through vision. Three mental fetters - identity view, sceptical doubt, adherence to moral rules and austerities - these phenomena are to be abandoned through vision. Co-existent greed, hate, delusion - these phenomena are roots to be abandoned through vision. And the co-existent mental defilements, the aggregate of feeling associated with them, etc. aggregate of consciousness, bodily action, verbal action, mental action originating from them - these phenomena are connected with root to be abandoned through vision.

1272. What mental states are not connected with root to be abandoned through vision? Setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are not connected with root to be abandoned through vision.

1273. What phenomena are connected with a root to be abandoned by meditative development? The remaining greed, hate, delusion - these phenomena are roots to be abandoned by meditative development. And the co-existent mental defilements, the aggregate of feeling associated with them, etc. aggregate of consciousness, bodily action, verbal action, mental action originating from them - these phenomena are connected with a root to be abandoned by meditative development.

1274. What mental states are not connected with a root to be abandoned by meditative development? Setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are not connected with a root to be abandoned by meditative development.

1275. What mental states are with applied thought? In the plane with applied thought, in the sensual-sphere, in the fine-material-sphere, in the not included, setting aside applied thought, the aggregate of feeling associated with that, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are with applied thought.

1276. What mental states are without applied thought? In the plane without applied thought, in the sensual-sphere, in the fine-material-sphere, in the immaterial-sphere, in the not included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and applied thought, and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are without applied thought.

1277. What mental states are with sustained thought? In the plane of with sustained thought, in the sensual-sphere, in the fine-material-sphere, in the not included, setting aside sustained thought, the aggregate of feeling associated with them, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are with sustained thought.

1278. What mental states are without sustained thought? In the plane of without sustained thought, in the sensual-sphere, in the fine-material-sphere, in the immaterial-sphere, in the not included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and sustained thought, and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are without sustained thought.

1279. What mental states are with rapture? In the plane with rapture, in the sensual-sphere, in the fine-material-sphere, in the not included, setting aside rapture, the aggregate of feeling associated with that, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are with rapture.

1280. What phenomena are without rapture? In the plane without rapture, in the sensual-sphere, in the fine-material-sphere, in the immaterial-sphere, in the not included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and rapture, and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these phenomena are without rapture.

1281. What mental states are accompanied by rapture? In the plane of rapture, in the sensual-sphere, in the fine-material-sphere, in the not included, setting aside rapture, the aggregate of feeling associated with that, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are accompanied by rapture.

1282. What mental states are not accompanied by rapture? Not in the plane of rapture, in the sensual-sphere, in the fine-material-sphere, in the immaterial-sphere, in the not included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and rapture, and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are not accompanied by rapture.

1283. What mental states are accompanied by pleasure? In the plane of happiness, in the sensual-sphere, in the fine-material-sphere, in the not included, setting aside pleasure, the aggregate of perception associated with that, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are accompanied by pleasure.

1284. What mental states are not accompanied by pleasure? Not in the plane of happiness, in the sensual-sphere, in the fine-material-sphere, in the immaterial-sphere, in the not included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness; and pleasure, and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are not accompanied by pleasure.

1285. What mental states are accompanied by equanimity? In the plane of equanimity, in the sensual-sphere, in the fine-material-sphere, in the immaterial-sphere, in the not included, setting aside equanimity, the aggregate of perception associated with that, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are accompanied by equanimity.

1286. What mental states are not accompanied by equanimity? Not in the plane of equanimity, in the sensual-sphere, in the fine-material-sphere, in the not included, the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness, and equanimity, and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are not accompanied by equanimity.

1287. What phenomena are of the sensual-sphere? From below, making the Avīci hell the limit, from above, including the gods who control what is created by others, whatever in this interval are the aggregates, elements, and sense bases that frequent here and are included here - materiality, feeling, perception, activities, consciousness - these phenomena are of the sensual-sphere.

1288. What mental states are non-sensual-sphere? Fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included - these mental states are non-sensual-sphere.

1289. What mental states are of the fine-material-sphere? From below, making the Brahma world the limit, from above, including the Akaniṭṭha gods, whatever in this interval are the consciousness and mental factors that frequent here and are included here, of one who has attained or of one who has been reborn or of one dwelling in the happiness of the present life - these mental states are of the fine-material-sphere.

1290. What mental states are non-fine-material-sphere? Sensual-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included - these mental states are non-fine-material-sphere.

1291. What mental states are of the immaterial-sphere of existence? From below, making the gods reborn in the plane of infinite space the limit, from above, including the gods reborn in the plane of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, whatever in this interval are the consciousness and mental factors that frequent here and are included here, of one who has attained or of one who has been reborn or of one dwelling in the happiness of the present life - these mental states are of the immaterial-sphere of existence.

1292. What phenomena are not of the immaterial-sphere of existence? Of the sensual-sphere, of the fine-material-sphere, not-included - these phenomena are not of the immaterial-sphere of existence.

1293. What mental states are included? Wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are included.

1294. What phenomena are not included? The paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these phenomena are not included.

1295. What mental states are leading to liberation? The four paths that are not-included - these mental states are leading to liberation.

1296. What mental states are not leading to liberation? Setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness, and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are not leading to liberation.

1297. What phenomena are fixed in destination? Five actions with immediate result, and whatever wrong view that is fixed in destination, the four paths that are not-included - these phenomena are fixed in destination.

1298. What mental states are undetermined? Setting aside those mental states, the remaining wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness, and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are undetermined.

1299. What mental states are surpassed? Wholesome, unwholesome and indeterminate mental states with mental corruptions belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere; the aggregate of matter, etc. the aggregate of consciousness - these mental states are surpassed.

1300. What mental states are unsurpassed? The not-included paths and the fruits of the paths and the unconditioned element - these mental states are unsurpassed.

1301. What mental states are conflicting? Three unwholesome roots - greed, hate, delusion; and the co-existent mental defilements, the aggregate of feeling associated with them, etc. aggregate of consciousness, bodily action, verbal action, mental action originating from them - these mental states are conflicting.

1302. What mental states are without conflict? Wholesome and indeterminate mental states belonging to the sensual-sphere, fine-material-sphere, immaterial-sphere, not-included; the aggregate of feeling, etc. the aggregate of consciousness, and all matter, and the unconditioned element - these mental states are without conflict.

The higher teaching dyad.

Summary Treatment of Suttanta Dyads

1303. What mental states are conducive to true knowledge? Mental states associated with true knowledge - these mental states are conducive to true knowledge.

1304. What mental states are conducive to ignorance? Mental states associated with ignorance - these mental states are conducive to ignorance.

1305. What states are like lightning? Wisdom in the lower three noble paths - these states are like lightning.

1306. What mental states are like a thunder-bolt? Wisdom in the uppermost path of arahantship - these mental states are like a thunder-bolt.

1307. What mental states are foolish? Shamelessness and moral fearlessness - these mental states are foolish. All unwholesome mental states are also foolish.

1308. What mental states are wise? Shame and moral fear - these mental states are wise. All wholesome mental states are also wise.

1309. What mental states are dark? Shamelessness and moral fearlessness - these mental states are dark. All unwholesome mental states are also dark.

1310. What mental states are bright? Shame and moral fear - these mental states are bright? All wholesome mental states are also bright.

1311. What mental states are causing remorse? Bodily misconduct, verbal misconduct, mental misconduct - these mental states are causing remorse. All unwholesome mental states are also causing remorse.

1312. What mental states do not cause remorse? Bodily good conduct, good verbal conduct, good mental conduct - these mental states do not cause remorse. All wholesome mental states also do not cause remorse.

1313. What phenomena are designations? Whatever term, designation, description, conventional expression, name, naming, appellation, language, phrasing, speech of those various phenomena - these phenomena are designations. All phenomena are within the range of designation.

1314. What phenomena are language? Whatever term, designation, description, conventional expression, name, naming, appellation, language, phrasing, speech of those various phenomena - these phenomena are language. All phenomena are within the range of language.

1315. What phenomena are concept? Whatever term, designation, description, conventional expression, name, naming, appellation, language, phrasing, speech of those various phenomena - these phenomena are concept. All phenomena are within the range of concepts.

1316. Therein, what is mentality? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness, and the unconditioned element - this is called mentality.

1317. Therein, what is materiality? The four primary elements and the materiality derived from the four primary elements - this is called materiality.

1318. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called ignorance.

1319. Therein, what is craving for existence? Whatever desire for existence towards existences, etc. attachment to existence - this is called craving for existence.

1320. Therein, what is view of existence? "The self and the world will exist" - whatever such view, wrong view, etc. perverted grasp - this is called view of existence.

1321. Therein, what is view of non-existence? "The self and the world will not exist" - whatever such view, wrong view, etc. perverted grasp - this is called view of non-existence.

1322. Therein, what is eternalist view? "The self and the world are eternal" - whatever such view, wrong view, etc. perverted grasp - this is called eternalist view.

1323. Therein, what is annihilationist view? "The self and the world will be annihilated" - whatever such view, wrong view, etc. perverted grasp - this is called annihilationist view.

1324. Therein, what is the view of finitude? "The self and the world are finite" - whatever such view, wrong view, etc. perverted grasp - this is called the view of finitude.

1325. Therein, what is the view of infinitude? "The self and the world are infinite" - whatever such view, wrong view, etc. perverted grasp - this is called the view of infinitude.

1326. Therein, what is view about the past? Whatever view, wrong view, etc. that arises referring to the past... perverted grasp - this is called view about the past.

1327. Therein, what is view about the future? Whatever view, wrong view, etc. that arises referring to the future... perverted grasp - this is called view about the future.

1328. Therein, what is shamelessness? Whatever is not being ashamed of what should be ashamed of, not being ashamed of the attainment of evil unwholesome mental states - this is called shamelessness.

1329. Therein, what is moral fearlessness? Whatever is not having moral fear of what should be feared, not having moral fear of the attainment of evil unwholesome mental states - this is called moral fearlessness.

1330. Therein, what is shame? Whatever is being ashamed of what should be ashamed of, being ashamed of the attainment of evil unwholesome mental states - this is called shame.

1331. Therein, what is moral fear? Whatever is having moral fear of what should be feared, having moral fear of the attainment of evil unwholesome mental states - this is called moral fear.

1332. Therein, what is being difficult to admonish? When being spoken to about a legitimate matter, the act of being difficult to admonish, the state of being difficult to admonish, being difficult to admonish, grasping in opposition, delight in contrariness, disrespect, disrespectfulness, lack of respect, lack of compliance - this is called being difficult to admonish.

1333. Therein, what is evil friendship? Those persons who are faithless, immoral, of little learning, stingy, unwise - whatever association with them, close association, intimate association, companionship, close companionship, devotion, close devotion, inclination towards them - this is called evil friendship.

1334. Therein, what is being easy to admonish? When being spoken to about a legitimate matter, the act of being easy to admonish, the state of being easy to admonish, being easy to admonish, not grasping in opposition, not delighting in contrariness, respect, respectfulness, being respectful, compliance - this is called being easy to admonish.

1335. Therein, what is good friendship? Those persons who are faithful, moral, very learned, generous, wise - whatever association with them, close association, intimate association, companionship, close companionship, devotion, close devotion, inclination towards them - this is called good friendship.

1336. Therein, what is skilfulness in what is an offence? The five classes of offences are offences, the seven classes of offences are offences. Whatever wisdom, understanding, etc. non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view - this is called skilfulness in what is an offence.

1337. Therein, what is skilfulness in emerging from an offence? Whatever skilfulness in emergence from those offences, wisdom, understanding, etc. non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view - this is called skilfulness in emerging from an offence.

1338. Therein, what is skilfulness in (entering) a meditative attainment? There is attainment with applied and sustained thought, there is attainment without applied but sustained thought only, there is attainment without applied and sustained thought. Whatever wisdom, understanding, etc. non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view - this is called skilfulness in (entering) a meditative attainment.

1339. Therein, what is skilfulness in emerging from a meditative attainment? Whatever skilfulness in emergence from those meditative attainments, wisdom, understanding, etc. non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view - this is called skilfulness in emerging from a meditative attainment.

1340. Therein, what is skilfulness in the elements? The eighteen elements: eye-element, material element, eye-consciousness element; ear-element, sound element, ear-consciousness element; nose element, odour element, nose-consciousness element; tongue-element, flavour element, tongue-consciousness element; body element, touch element, body-consciousness element; mind-element, element of phenomena, mind-consciousness element. Whatever skilfulness in the elements with respect to those elements, wisdom, understanding, etc. non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view - this is called skilfulness in the elements.

1341. Therein, what is skilfulness in attention? Whatever skilfulness in attention with respect to those elements, wisdom, understanding, etc. non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view - this is called skilfulness in attention.

1342. Therein, what is skilfulness in the sense bases? The twelve sense bases - the eye sense base, the visible form sense base, the ear sense base, the sound sense base, the nose sense base, the odour sense base, the tongue sense base, the flavour sense base, the body sense base, the touch sense base, the mind sense base, the mind-object sense base. Whatever skilfulness in the sense bases with respect to those sense bases is wisdom, understanding, etc. non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view - this is called skilfulness in the sense bases.

1343. Therein, what is skilfulness in dependent origination? With ignorance as condition, activities; with activities as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality-materiality; with mentality-materiality as condition, the six sense bases; with the six sense bases as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, craving; with craving as condition, clinging; with clinging as condition, becoming; with becoming as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, displeasure, and anguish come to be; thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering. Whatever wisdom, understanding, etc. non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view - this is called skilfulness in dependent origination.

1344. Therein, what is skilfulness in what is possible? Whatever phenomena are causes and conditions for the arising of whatever phenomena, that is the possibility, whatever wisdom, understanding, etc. non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view - this is called skilfulness in what is possible.

1345. Therein, what is skilfulness in what is impossible? Whatever phenomena are not causes and not conditions for the arising of whatever phenomena, that is the impossibility, whatever wisdom, understanding, etc. non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view - this is called skilfulness in what is impossible.

1346. Therein, what is rectitude? Whatever rectitude, non-crookedness, non-curvedness, non-tortuousness - this is called rectitude.

1347. Therein, what is gentleness? Whatever malleability, gentleness, non-hardness, non-rigidity, humility of mind - this is called gentleness.

1348. Therein, what is patience? Whatever patience, tolerance, endurance, non-ferocity, non-harshness, pleasure of consciousness - this is called patience.

1349. Therein, what is meekness? Whatever is bodily non-transgression, verbal non-transgression, bodily and verbal non-transgression - this is called meekness. All restraint by morality is also meekness.

1350. Therein, what is softness of speech? Having abandoned whatever speech is rough, harsh, hurtful to others, offensive to others, bordering on wrath, not conducive to concentration, he speaks such words as are gentle, pleasing to the ear, affectionate, going to the heart, urbane, pleasing to many people and agreeable to many people; whatever smooth speech there, kindly speech, non-harsh speech - this is called softness of speech.

1351. Therein, what is hospitality? There are two kinds of hospitality - hospitality with material things and hospitality with the teaching. Here someone is hospitable either with hospitality through material things or with hospitality through the teaching - this is called hospitality.

1352. Therein, what is not guarding the doors of the sense faculties? Here someone, having seen a form with the eye, is one who grasps at signs, one who grasps at features. Since, if he were to dwell with the eye-faculty unrestrained, covetousness, displeasure, and evil unwholesome mental states would flow in upon him, he does not proceed to restrain it, he does not guard the eye-faculty, he does not commit to restraint of the eye-faculty. Having heard a sound with the ear. Etc. Having smelled an odour with the nose... etc... Having tasted a flavour with the tongue... etc. Having touched a tangible object with the body... etc... Having cognised a mental object with the mind, he is one who grasps at signs, one who grasps at features. Since, if he were to dwell with the mind faculty unrestrained, covetousness, displeasure, and evil unwholesome mental states would flow in upon him, he does not proceed to restrain it, he does not guard the mind faculty, he does not commit to restraint of the mind faculty. Whatever non-guarding, non-protection, non-safeguarding, non-restraint of these six faculties - this is called not guarding the doors of the sense faculties.

1353. Therein, what is immoderation in eating? Here someone, without reflection, unwisely takes food for amusement, for intoxication, for adornment, for beautification. Whatever discontent, immoderation, non-reflection in eating there - this is called immoderation in eating.

1354. Therein, what is guarding the doors of the sense faculties? Here someone, having seen a form with the eye, is not one who grasps at signs, nor one who grasps at features. Since, if he were to dwell with the eye-faculty unrestrained, covetousness, displeasure, and evil unwholesome mental states would flow in upon him, he proceeds to restrain it, he guards the eye-faculty, he commits to restraint of the eye-faculty. Having heard a sound with the ear. Etc. Having smelled an odour with the nose... etc... Having tasted a flavour with the tongue... etc. Having touched a tangible object with the body... etc... Having cognised a mental object with the mind, he is not one who grasps at signs, nor one who grasps at features. Since, if he were to dwell with the mind faculty unrestrained, covetousness, displeasure, and evil unwholesome mental states would flow in upon him, he proceeds to restrain it, he guards the mind faculty, he commits to restraint of the mind faculty. Whatever guarding, protection, safeguarding, restraint of these six faculties - this is called guarding the doors of the sense faculties.

1355. Therein, what is moderation in eating? Here someone, having reflected wisely, takes food - not for amusement, not for intoxication, not for adornment, not for beautification, only for the presence and sustenance of this body, for the cessation of harm, for the support of the holy life, thus: "I shall ward off the old feeling and shall not give rise to a new feeling, and there will be for me progress, blamelessness, and comfortable dwelling." Whatever contentment, moderation, reflection regarding food there - this is called moderation in eating.

1356. Therein, what is forgetfulness? Whatever absence of mindfulness, absence of recollection, absence of mindfulness, absence of mindfulness, not keeping in mind, not retaining, floating about, forgetting - this is called forgetfulness.

1357. Therein, what is lack of full awareness? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called lack of full awareness.

1358. Therein, what is mindfulness? Whatever mindfulness, recollection, recalling, mindfulness, remembering, retaining, non-floating, non-forgetting, mindfulness, mindfulness faculty, power of mindfulness, right mindfulness - this is called mindfulness.

1359. Therein, what is full awareness? Whatever wisdom, understanding, etc. non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view - this is called full awareness.

1360. Therein, what is the power of reflection? Whatever wisdom, understanding, etc. non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view - this is called the power of reflection.

1361. Therein, what is the power of meditative development? Whatever is the practice, the development, the cultivation of wholesome mental states - this is called the power of meditative development. The seven factors of enlightenment are also the power of meditative development.

1362. Therein, what is serenity? Whatever is the stability of consciousness, etc. right concentration - this is called serenity.

1363. Therein, what is insight? Whatever wisdom, understanding, etc. non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view - this is called insight.

1364. Therein, what is the sign of serenity? Whatever is the stability of consciousness, etc. right concentration - this is called the sign of serenity.

1365. Therein, what is the sign of exertion? Whatever mental arousal of energy, etc. right effort - this is called the sign of exertion.

1366. Therein, what is exertion? Whatever mental arousal of energy, etc. right effort - this is called exertion.

1367. Therein, what is non-distraction? Whatever is the stability of consciousness, etc. right concentration - this is called non-distraction.

1368. Therein, what is failure in morality? Whatever is bodily transgression, verbal transgression, bodily and verbal transgression - this is called failure in morality. All immorality is failure in morality.

1369. Therein, what is failure in (right) view? "There is not what is given, there is not what is sacrificed, there is not what is offered, there is no fruit and result of good and bad actions, there is not this world, there is not the other world, there is not mother, there is not father, there are no spontaneously reborn beings, there are not in the world ascetics and brahmins who have gone the right way, who have rightly practised, who proclaim this world and the other world, having realised them by direct knowledge themselves" - whatever such view, wrong view, etc. perverted grasp - this is called failure in (right) view. All wrong view is failure in (right) view.

1370. Therein, what is accomplishment in morality? Whatever is bodily non-transgression, verbal non-transgression, bodily and verbal non-transgression - this is called accomplishment in morality. All restraint by morality is also accomplishment in morality.

1371. Therein, what is accomplishment in right view? "There is what is given, there is what is sacrificed, there is what is offered, there is result and consequence of good and bad actions, there is this world, there is the other world, there is mother, there is father, there are spontaneously reborn beings, there are in the world ascetics and brahmins who have gone the right way, who have rightly practised, who proclaim this world and the other world, having realised them by direct knowledge themselves" - whatever such wisdom, understanding, etc. non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view - this is called accomplishment in right view. All right view is accomplishment in right view.

1372. Therein, what is purification of morality? Whatever is bodily non-transgression, verbal non-transgression, bodily and verbal non-transgression - this is called purification of morality. All restraint by morality is also purification of morality.

1373. Therein, what is purification of view? Knowledge of the ownership of actions, knowledge conforming to truth, knowledge of one possessing the path, knowledge of one possessing fruition.

1374. "Purification of view, however" means - whatever wisdom, understanding, etc. non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view.

1375. And striving in accordance with one's view - Whatever mental arousal of energy, etc. right effort.

1376. Religious emotion means - fear of birth, fear of ageing, fear of illness, fear of death. A state apt to cause religious emotion means - birth, ageing, illness, death.

1377. And thorough striving for one who is spiritually stirred - Here a monk generates desire for the non-arising of unarisen evil unwholesome mental states, he strives, arouses energy, exerts the mind, and strives; he generates desire for the abandoning of arisen evil unwholesome mental states, he strives, arouses energy, exerts the mind, and strives; he generates desire for the arising of unarisen wholesome mental states, he strives, arouses energy, exerts the mind, and strives; he generates desire for the presence, non-decay, increase, expansion, development, and fulfilment of arisen wholesome mental states, he strives, arouses energy, exerts the mind, and strives.

1378. "Non-contentment in regard to wholesome qualities": whatever is the desire for more of one who is not content with the development of wholesome mental states.

1379. And unremittingness in striving - whatever is attentive practice, persevering practice, steady practice, unsluggish conduct, not abandoning desire, not abandoning responsibility, repetition, development, cultivation in the development of wholesome mental states.

1380. "True knowledge" means - there are three true knowledges - the knowledge of recollecting past lives is true knowledge, the knowledge of the passing away and rebirth of beings is true knowledge, the knowledge of the elimination of mental corruptions is true knowledge.

1381. "Liberation" means - two kinds of liberation - disposition of consciousness, and Nibbāna.

1382. "Knowledge of elimination" means - the knowledge of one possessing the path.

1383. Knowledge of non-arising: knowledge of one possessing fruition.

The chapter on classification is concluded.