6. Analysis of Dependent Origination

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6. Analysis of Dependent Origination

1. The Suttanta Classification

225. With ignorance as condition, activities; with activities as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality-materiality; with mentality-materiality as condition, the six sense bases; with the six sense bases as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, craving; with craving as condition, clinging; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, displeasure, and anguish come to be. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

226. Therein, what is ignorance? Not knowing suffering, not knowing the origin of suffering, not knowing the cessation of suffering, not knowing the practice leading to the cessation of suffering - this is called "ignorance".

Therein, what are activities with ignorance as condition? Meritorious volitional activity, demeritorious volitional activity, imperturbable volitional activity, bodily activity, verbal activity, mental activity.

Therein, what is meritorious volitional activity? Wholesome volition belonging to the sensual-sphere and fine-material-sphere, consisting of giving, consisting of morality, consisting of meditative development - this is called "meritorious volitional activity".

Therein, what is demeritorious volitional activity? Unwholesome volition belonging to the sensual-sphere - this is called "demeritorious volitional activity".

Therein, what is imperturbable volitional activity? Wholesome volition belonging to the immaterial-sphere - this is called "imperturbable volitional activity".

Therein, what is bodily activity? Bodily volition is bodily activity, verbal volition is verbal activity, mental volition is mental activity. These are called "activities with ignorance as condition".

227. Therein, what is consciousness with activities as condition? Eye-consciousness, ear-consciousness, nose-consciousness, tongue-consciousness, body-consciousness, mind-consciousness - this is called "consciousness with activities as condition".

228. Therein, what is mentality-materiality with consciousness as condition? There is mentality, there is materiality. Therein, what is mentality? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - this is called "mentality". Therein, what is materiality? The four primary elements, and the materiality derived from the four primary elements - this is called "materiality". Thus this mentality and this materiality. This is called "mentality-materiality with consciousness as condition".

229. Therein, what is the six sense bases with mentality-materiality as condition? The eye sense base, the ear sense base, the nose sense base, the tongue sense base, the body sense base, the mind sense base - this is called "the six sense bases with mentality-materiality as condition".

230. Therein, what is contact with the six sense bases as condition? Eye-contact, ear-contact, nose-contact, tongue-contact, body-contact, mind-contact - this is called "contact with the six sense bases as condition".

231. Therein, what is feeling with contact as condition? Feeling born of eye-contact, feeling born of ear-contact, feeling born of nose-contact, feeling born of tongue-contact, feeling born of body-contact, feeling born of mind-contact - this is called "feeling with contact as condition".

232. Therein, what is craving with feeling as condition? Craving for visible form, craving for sound, craving for odour, craving for flavour, craving for tangible object, craving for mental objects - this is called "craving with feeling as condition".

233. Therein, what is clinging with craving as condition? Clinging to sensual pleasures, clinging to views, clinging to moral rules and austerities, clinging to the doctrine of self - this is called "clinging with craving as condition".

234. Therein, what is existence with clinging as condition? Existence is twofold - there is kammic becoming, there is becoming of rebirth. Therein, what is kammic becoming? Meritorious volitional activity, demeritorious volitional activity, imperturbable volitional activity - this is called "kammic becoming". All action leading to existence is also kammic becoming.

Therein, what is becoming of rebirth? Sensual existence, fine-material existence, immaterial existence, percipient existence, non-percipient existence, neither-percipient-nor-non-percipient existence, single-aggregate constituent existence, four-aggregate constituent existence, five-aggregate constituent existence - this is called "becoming of rebirth". Thus this is kammic becoming, and this is becoming of rebirth. This is called "existence with clinging as condition".

235. Therein, what is birth with existence as condition? Whatever birth, coming into being, descent, production, manifestation of the aggregates, acquisition of the sense bases of those various beings in those various orders of beings - this is called "birth with existence as condition".

236. Therein, what is ageing and death with birth as condition? There is ageing, there is death. Therein, what is ageing? Whatever ageing, decaying, broken teeth, grey hair, wrinkled skin, deterioration of life span, maturing of the faculties of those various beings in those various orders of beings - this is called "ageing".

Therein, what is death? Whatever passing away, decease, breaking up, disappearance, dying, death, making of time, breaking up of the aggregates, discarding of the body, arrest of the life faculty of those various beings from those various orders of beings - this is called "death". Thus this ageing and this death. This is called "ageing and death with birth as condition".

237. Therein, what is sorrow? Of one touched by disaster to relatives, or touched by disaster to wealth, or touched by disaster of disease, or touched by disaster of morality, or touched by disaster of wrong view, of one possessed of some disaster or other, of one touched by some painful phenomenon or other - sorrow, sorrowing, state of sorrowing, inner sorrow, inner deep sorrow, mental burning, displeasure, the dart of sorrow - this is called "sorrow".

238. Therein, what is lamentation? Of one touched by disaster to relatives, or touched by disaster to wealth, or touched by disaster of disease, or touched by disaster of morality, or touched by disaster of wrong view, of one possessed of some disaster or other, of one touched by some painful phenomenon or other - lamenting, lamentation, act of lamenting, act of lamentation, state of lamenting, state of lamentation, speech, prattle, confused talk, wailing, act of wailing, state of wailing - this is called "lamentation".

239. Therein, what is pain? Whatever bodily discomfort, bodily pain, uncomfortable and painful feeling born of body-contact, uncomfortable and painful feeling born of body-contact - this is called "pain".

240. Therein, what is displeasure? Whatever mental discomfort, mental pain, uncomfortable and painful feeling born of mind-contact, uncomfortable and painful feeling born of mind-contact - this is called "displeasure".

241. Therein, what is anguish? Of one touched by disaster to relatives, or touched by disaster to wealth, or touched by disaster of disease, or touched by disaster of morality, or touched by disaster of wrong view, of one possessed of some disaster or other, of one touched by some painful phenomenon or other - trouble, anguish, state of being troubled, state of being anguished - this is called "anguish".

242. "Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering" means: thus there is the association of this whole mass of suffering, there is the meeting, there is the combination, there is the manifestation. Therefore it is said "thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering."

The Discourse Analysis.

2. The Abhidhamma Classification

1. The Tetrad of Conditions

243. With ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, craving; with craving as condition, clinging; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, craving; with craving as condition, clinging; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality-materiality; with mentality-materiality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, craving; with craving as condition, clinging; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality-materiality; with mentality-materiality as condition, the six sense bases; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, craving; with craving as condition, clinging; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

The Tetrad of Conditions.

2. The Tetrad of Roots

244. With ignorance as condition, activity rooted in ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness rooted in activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality rooted in consciousness; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base rooted in mentality; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact rooted in the sixth sense base; with contact as condition, feeling rooted in contact; with feeling as condition, craving rooted in feeling; with craving as condition, clinging rooted in craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition, activity rooted in ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness rooted in activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality rooted in consciousness; with mentality as condition, contact rooted in mentality; with contact as condition, feeling rooted in contact; with feeling as condition, craving rooted in feeling; with craving as condition, clinging rooted in craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition, activity rooted in ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness rooted in activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality-materiality rooted in consciousness; with mentality-materiality as condition, the sixth sense base rooted in mentality-materiality; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact rooted in the sixth sense base; with contact as condition, feeling rooted in contact; with feeling as condition, craving rooted in feeling; with craving as condition, clinging rooted in craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition, activity rooted in ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness rooted in activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality-materiality rooted in consciousness; with mentality-materiality as condition, the six sense bases rooted in mentality-materiality; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact rooted in the sixth sense base; with contact as condition, feeling rooted in contact; with feeling as condition, craving rooted in feeling; with craving as condition, clinging rooted in craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

The Tetrad of Roots.

3. The Tetrad of Association

245. With ignorance as condition, activity associated with ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness associated with activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality associated with consciousness; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base associated with mentality; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact associated with the sixth sense base; with contact as condition, feeling associated with contact; with feeling as condition, craving associated with feeling; with craving as condition, clinging associated with craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition, activity associated with ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness associated with activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality associated with consciousness; with mentality as condition, contact associated with mentality; with contact as condition, feeling associated with contact; with feeling as condition, craving associated with feeling; with craving as condition, clinging associated with craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition, activity associated with ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness associated with activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality-materiality, mentality associated with consciousness; with mentality-materiality as condition, the sixth sense base associated with mentality-materiality; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact associated with the sixth sense base; with contact as condition, feeling associated with contact; with feeling as condition, craving associated with feeling; with craving as condition, clinging associated with craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition, activity associated with ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness associated with activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality-materiality, mentality associated with consciousness; with mentality-materiality as condition, the six sense bases, the sixth sense base associated with mentality; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact associated with the sixth sense base; with contact as condition, feeling associated with contact; with feeling as condition, craving associated with feeling; with craving as condition, clinging associated with clinging; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

The Tetrad of Association.

4. The Tetrad of Mutuality

246. With ignorance as condition, activity; and with activity as condition, ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness; and with consciousness as condition, activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality; and with mentality as condition, consciousness; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; and with the sixth sense base as condition, mentality; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; and with contact as condition, the sixth sense base; with contact as condition, feeling; and with feeling as condition, contact; with feeling as condition, craving; and with craving as condition, feeling; with craving as condition, clinging; and with clinging as condition, craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition, activity; and with activity as condition, ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness; and with consciousness as condition, activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality; and with mentality as condition, consciousness; with mentality as condition, contact; and with contact as condition, mentality; with contact as condition, feeling; and with feeling as condition, contact; with feeling as condition, craving; and with craving as condition, feeling; with craving as condition, clinging; and with clinging as condition, craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition, activity; and with activity as condition, ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness; and with consciousness as condition, activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality-materiality; and with mentality-materiality as condition, consciousness; with mentality-materiality as condition, the sixth sense base; and with the sixth sense base as condition, mentality-materiality; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; and with contact as condition, the sixth sense base; with contact as condition, feeling; and with feeling as condition, contact; with feeling as condition, craving; and with craving as condition, feeling; with craving as condition, clinging; and with clinging as condition, craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

With ignorance as condition, activity; and with activity as condition, ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness; and with consciousness as condition, activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality-materiality; and with mentality-materiality as condition, consciousness; with mentality-materiality as condition, the six sense bases; and with the sixth sense base as condition, mentality-materiality; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; and with contact as condition, the sixth sense base; with contact as condition, feeling; and with feeling as condition, contact; with feeling as condition, craving; and with craving as condition, feeling; with craving as condition, clinging; and with clinging as condition, craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

The Tetrad of Mutuality.

The Matrix

247. With activities as condition, ignorance, etc. With consciousness as condition, ignorance, etc. With mentality as condition, ignorance, etc. With the sixth sense base as condition, ignorance, etc. With contact as condition, ignorance, etc. With feeling as condition, ignorance, etc. With craving as condition, ignorance, etc. With clinging as condition, ignorance, etc. With ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, craving; with craving as condition, clinging; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

The Matrix.

5. The Tetrad of Conditions

248. What mental states are unwholesome? At whatever time unwholesome consciousness has arisen, accompanied by pleasure, associated with wrong view, having a visual object, or having a sound as object, or having an odour as object, or having a flavour as object, or having a tangible object as object, or having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, at that time with ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, craving; with craving as condition, clinging; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

249. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called "ignorance".

Therein, what is activity with ignorance as condition? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity with ignorance as condition".

Therein, what is consciousness with activities as condition? Whatever consciousness, mind, mental state, heart, the pure, mind, mind sense base, mind faculty, consciousness, aggregate of consciousness, corresponding mind-consciousness element - this is called "consciousness with activities as condition".

Therein, what is mentality with consciousness as condition? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - this is called "mentality with consciousness as condition".

Therein, what is the sixth sense base with mentality as condition? Whatever consciousness, mind, mental state, heart, the pure, mind, mind sense base, mind faculty, consciousness, aggregate of consciousness, corresponding mind-consciousness element - this is called "the sixth sense base with mentality as condition".

Therein, what is contact with the sixth sense base as condition? Whatever contact, touching, contacting, the state of having contacted - this is called "contact with the sixth sense base as condition".

Therein, what is feeling with contact as condition? Whatever mental comfort, mental happiness, comfortable and pleasant feeling born of mind-contact, comfortable and pleasant feeling born of mind-contact - this is called "feeling with contact as condition".

Therein, what is craving with feeling as condition? Whatever lust, passion, attraction, compliance, delight, passionate delight, mental passion - this is called "craving with feeling as condition".

Therein, what is clinging with craving as condition? Whatever view, wrong view, thicket of views, wilderness of views, wriggling of views, writhing of views, mental fetter of wrong view, grasping, support-grasping, adherence, adherence, wrong path, wrong path, wrong course, sphere of sectarian doctrines, perverted grasp - this is called "clinging with craving as condition".

Therein, what is existence with clinging as condition? Having set aside clinging, the aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness - this is called "existence with clinging as condition".

Therein, what is birth with existence as condition? Whatever birth, coming into being, production, reconception, manifestation of those various phenomena - this is called "birth with existence as condition".

Therein, what is ageing and death with birth as condition? There is ageing, there is death. Therein, what is ageing? Whatever ageing, decaying, deterioration of life span of those various phenomena - this is called "ageing". Therein, what is death? Whatever elimination, fall, breaking up, disintegration, impermanence, disappearance of those various phenomena - this is called "death". Thus this ageing and this death. This is called "ageing and death with birth as condition".

Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering. Thus there is the association of this whole mass of suffering, there is the meeting, there is the combination, there is the manifestation. Therefore it is said "thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering."

250. At that time, with ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, craving; with craving as condition, clinging; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

251. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called "ignorance".

Therein, what is activity with ignorance as condition? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity with ignorance as condition".

Therein, what is consciousness with activities as condition? Whatever consciousness, mind, mental state, etc. corresponding mind-consciousness element - this is called "consciousness with activities as condition".

With mentality as condition, contact. Therein, what is mentality? Having set aside contact, the aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness - this is called "mentality".

Therein, what is contact with mentality as condition? Whatever contact, touching, contacting, the state of having contacted - this is called "contact with mentality as condition", etc. Therefore it is said "thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering."

At that time, with ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality-materiality; with mentality-materiality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, craving; with craving as condition, clinging; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

253. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called "ignorance".

Therein, what is activity with ignorance as condition? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity with ignorance as condition".

Therein, what is mentality-materiality with consciousness as condition? There is mentality, there is materiality. Therein, what is mentality? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - this is called "mentality". Therein, what is materiality? Production of the eye sense base, production of the ear sense base, production of the nose sense base, production of the tongue sense base, production of the body sense base, or whatever other matter there is that is mind-produced, consciousness-rooted, consciousness-originated - this is called "materiality". Thus this mentality and this materiality. This is called "mentality-materiality with consciousness as condition".

Mentality-materiality as condition for the sixth sense base. There is mentality, there is materiality. Therein, what is mentality? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - this is called "mentality". Therein, what is materiality? Whatever matter in dependence on which the mind-consciousness element occurs - this is called "materiality". Thus this mentality and this materiality. This is called "mentality-materiality".

Therein, what is the sixth sense base with mentality-materiality as condition? Whatever consciousness, mind, mental state, etc. corresponding mind-consciousness element - this is called "the sixth sense base with mentality-materiality as condition".

254. At that time, with ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality-materiality; with mentality-materiality as condition, the six sense bases; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, craving; with craving as condition, clinging; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

255. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called "ignorance".

Therein, what is activity with ignorance as condition? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity with ignorance as condition".

Mentality-materiality is the condition for the six sense bases. There is mentality, there is materiality. Therein, what is mentality? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - this is called "mentality". Therein, what is materiality? The four primary elements, and whatever matter in dependence on which the mind-consciousness element occurs - this is called "materiality". Thus this mentality and this materiality. This is called "mentality-materiality".

Therein, what is the six sense bases with mentality-materiality as condition? The eye sense base, the ear sense base, the nose sense base, the tongue sense base, the body sense base, the mind sense base - this is called "the six sense bases with mentality-materiality as condition".

The Tetrad of Conditions.

6. The Tetrad of Roots

256. At that time, with ignorance as condition, activity rooted in ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness rooted in activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality rooted in consciousness; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base rooted in mentality; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact rooted in the sixth sense base; with contact as condition, feeling rooted in contact; with feeling as condition, craving rooted in feeling; with craving as condition, clinging rooted in craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

257. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called "ignorance".

Therein, what is activity with ignorance as condition, rooted in ignorance? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity with ignorance as condition, rooted in ignorance".

Therein, what is consciousness with activities as condition, rooted in activities? Whatever consciousness, mind, mental state, etc. corresponding mind-consciousness element - this is called "consciousness with activities as condition, rooted in activities".

Therein, what is mentality with consciousness as condition, rooted in consciousness? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - this is called "mentality with consciousness as condition, rooted in consciousness".

Therein, what is the sixth sense base with mentality as condition, rooted in mentality? Whatever consciousness, mind, mental state, etc. corresponding mind-consciousness element - this is called "the sixth sense base with mentality as condition, rooted in mentality".

Therein, what is contact with the sixth sense base as condition, rooted in the sixth sense base? Whatever contact, touching, contacting, the state of having contacted - this is called "contact with the sixth sense base as condition, rooted in the sixth sense base".

Therein, what is feeling with contact as condition, rooted in contact? Whatever mental comfort, mental happiness, comfortable and pleasant feeling born of mind-contact, comfortable and pleasant feeling born of mind-contact - this is called "feeling with contact as condition, rooted in contact".

Therein, what is craving with feeling as condition, rooted in feeling? Whatever lust, passion, etc. mental passion - this is called "craving with feeling as condition, rooted in feeling".

Therein, what is clinging with craving as condition, rooted in craving? Whatever view, wrong view, etc. sphere of sectarian doctrines, perverted grasp - this is called "clinging with craving as condition, rooted in craving", etc. Therefore it is said "thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering."

258. At that time, with ignorance as condition, activity rooted in ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness rooted in activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality rooted in consciousness; with mentality as condition, contact rooted in mentality; with contact as condition, feeling rooted in contact; with feeling as condition, craving rooted in feeling; with craving as condition, clinging rooted in craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

259. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called "ignorance".

Therein, what is consciousness with activities as condition, rooted in activities? Whatever consciousness, mind, mental state, etc. corresponding mind-consciousness element - this is called consciousness with activities as condition, rooted in activities.

With mentality as condition, contact rooted in mentality. Therein, what is mentality? Having set aside contact, the aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness - this is called "mentality".

Therein, what is contact with mentality as condition, rooted in mentality? Whatever contact, touching, contacting, the state of having contacted - this is called "contact with mentality as condition, rooted in mentality", etc. Therefore it is said "thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering."

260. At that time, with ignorance as condition, activity rooted in ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness rooted in activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality-materiality rooted in consciousness; with mentality-materiality as condition, the sixth sense base rooted in mentality-materiality; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact rooted in the sixth sense base; with contact as condition, feeling rooted in contact; with feeling as condition, craving rooted in feeling; with craving as condition, clinging rooted in craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

261. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called "ignorance".

Therein, what is mentality-materiality with consciousness as condition, rooted in consciousness? There is mentality, there is materiality. Therein, what is mentality? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - this is called "mentality". Therein, what is materiality? Production of the eye sense base, production of the ear sense base, production of the nose sense base, production of the tongue sense base, production of the body sense base, or whatever other matter there is that is mind-produced, consciousness-rooted, consciousness-originated - this is called "materiality". Thus this mentality and this materiality. This is called "mentality-materiality with consciousness as condition, rooted in consciousness".

With mentality-materiality as condition, the sixth sense base rooted in mentality-materiality. There is mentality, there is materiality. Therein, what is mentality? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - this is called "mentality". Therein, what is materiality? Whatever matter in dependence on which the mind-consciousness element occurs - this is called "materiality". Thus this mentality and this materiality. This is called "mentality-materiality".

Therein, what is the sixth sense base with mentality-materiality as condition, rooted in mentality-materiality? Whatever consciousness, mind, mental state, etc. corresponding mind-consciousness element - this is called "the sixth sense base with mentality-materiality as condition, rooted in mentality-materiality".

262. At that time, with ignorance as condition, activity rooted in ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness rooted in activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality-materiality rooted in consciousness; with mentality-materiality as condition, the six sense bases rooted in mentality-materiality; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact rooted in the sixth sense base; with contact as condition, feeling rooted in contact; with feeling as condition, craving rooted in feeling; with craving as condition, clinging rooted in craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

263. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called "ignorance".

With mentality-materiality as condition, the six sense bases rooted in mentality-materiality. There is mentality, there is materiality. Therein, what is mentality? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - this is called "mentality". Therein, what is materiality? The four primary elements, and whatever matter in dependence on which the mind-consciousness element occurs - this is called "materiality". Thus this mentality and this materiality. This is called "mentality-materiality".

Therein, what is the six sense bases with mentality-materiality as condition, rooted in mentality-materiality? The eye sense base, the ear sense base, the nose sense base, the tongue sense base, the body sense base, the mind sense base - this is called "the six sense bases with mentality-materiality as condition, rooted in mentality-materiality".

Therein, what is craving with feeling as condition, rooted in feeling? Whatever lust, passion, etc. mental passion - this is called "craving with feeling as condition, rooted in feeling".

The Tetrad of Roots.

7. The Tetrad of Association

At that time, with ignorance as condition, activity associated with ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness associated with activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality associated with consciousness; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base associated with mentality; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact associated with the sixth sense base; with contact as condition, feeling associated with contact; with feeling as condition, craving associated with feeling; with craving as condition, clinging associated with craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

265. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called "ignorance".

Therein, what is activity with ignorance as condition, associated with ignorance? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity with ignorance as condition, associated with ignorance".

Therein, what is consciousness with activities as condition, associated with activities? Whatever consciousness, mind, mental state, etc. corresponding mind-consciousness element - this is called "consciousness with activities as condition, associated with activities".

Therein, what is mentality with consciousness as condition, associated with consciousness? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - this is called "mentality with consciousness as condition, associated with consciousness".

Therein, what is the sixth sense base with mentality as condition, associated with mentality? Whatever consciousness, mind, mental state, etc. corresponding mind-consciousness element - this is called "the sixth sense base with mentality as condition, associated with mentality".

Therein, what is contact with the sixth sense base as condition, associated with the sixth sense base? Whatever contact, touching, contacting, the state of having contacted - this is called "contact with the sixth sense base as condition, associated with the sixth sense base".

Therein, what is feeling with contact as condition, associated with contact? Whatever mental comfort, mental happiness, comfortable and pleasant feeling born of mind-contact, comfortable and pleasant feeling born of mind-contact - this is called "feeling with contact as condition, associated with contact".

Therein, what is craving with feeling as condition, associated with feeling? Whatever lust, passion, etc. mental passion - this is called "craving with feeling as condition, associated with feeling".

Therein, what is clinging with craving as condition, associated with craving? Whatever view, wrong view, etc. sphere of sectarian doctrines, perverted grasp - this is called "clinging with craving as condition, associated with craving", etc. Therefore it is said "thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering."

266. At that time, with ignorance as condition, activity associated with ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness associated with activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality associated with consciousness; with mentality as condition, contact associated with mentality; with contact as condition, feeling associated with contact; with feeling as condition, craving associated with feeling; with craving as condition, clinging associated with craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

267. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called "ignorance".

With mentality as condition, contact associated with mentality. Therein, what is mentality? Having set aside contact, the aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness - this is called "mentality".

Therein, what is contact with mentality as condition, associated with mentality? Whatever contact, touching, contacting, the state of having contacted - this is called "contact with mentality as condition, associated with mentality", etc. Therefore it is said "thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering."

268. At that time, with ignorance as condition, activity associated with ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness associated with activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality-materiality, mentality associated with consciousness; with mentality-materiality as condition, the sixth sense base associated with mentality; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact associated with the sixth sense base; with contact as condition, feeling associated with contact; with feeling as condition, craving associated with feeling; with craving as condition, clinging associated with craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

269. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called "ignorance".

Therein, what is mentality-materiality with consciousness as condition, mentality associated with consciousness? There is mentality, there is materiality. Therein, what is mentality? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - this is called "mentality". Therein, what is materiality? Production of the eye sense base, production of the ear sense base, production of the nose sense base, production of the tongue sense base, production of the body sense base, or whatever other matter there is that is mind-produced, consciousness-rooted, consciousness-originated - this is called "materiality". Thus this mentality and this materiality. This is called "mentality-materiality with consciousness as condition, mentality associated with consciousness".

With mentality-materiality as condition, the sixth sense base associated with mentality. There is mentality, there is materiality. Therein, what is mentality? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - this is called "mentality". Therein, what is materiality? Whatever matter in dependence on which the mind-consciousness element occurs - this is called "materiality". Thus this mentality and this materiality. This is called "mentality-materiality".

Therein, what is the sixth sense base with mentality-materiality as condition, associated with mentality? Whatever consciousness, mind, mental state, etc. corresponding mind-consciousness element - this is called "the sixth sense base with mentality-materiality as condition, associated with mentality".

270. At that time, with ignorance as condition, activity associated with ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness associated with activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality-materiality, mentality associated with consciousness; with mentality-materiality as condition, the six sense bases, the sixth sense base associated with mentality; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact associated with the sixth sense base; with contact as condition, feeling associated with contact; with feeling as condition, craving associated with feeling; with craving as condition, clinging associated with craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

271. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called "ignorance".

With mentality-materiality as condition, the six sense bases, the sixth sense base associated with mentality. There is mentality, there is materiality. Therein, what is mentality? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - this is called "mentality". Therein, what is materiality? The four primary elements, and whatever matter in dependence on which the mind-consciousness element occurs - this is called "materiality". Thus this mentality and this materiality. This is called "mentality-materiality".

Therein, what is the six sense bases with mentality-materiality as condition, the sixth sense base associated with mentality? The eye sense base, the ear sense base, the nose sense base, the tongue sense base, the body sense base, the mind sense base - this is called "the six sense bases with mentality-materiality as condition, the sixth sense base associated with mentality".

The Tetrad of Association.

8. The Tetrad of Mutuality

272. At that time with ignorance as condition, activity; and with activity as condition, ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness; and with consciousness as condition, activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality; and with mentality as condition, consciousness; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; and with the sixth sense base as condition, mentality; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; and with contact as condition, the sixth sense base; with contact as condition, feeling; and with feeling as condition, contact; with feeling as condition, craving; and with craving as condition, feeling; with craving as condition, clinging; and with clinging as condition, craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

273. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called "ignorance".

Therein, what is activity with ignorance as condition? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity with ignorance as condition".

Therein, what is ignorance also with activity as condition? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called "ignorance also with activity as condition".

Therein, what is activity also with consciousness as condition? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity also with consciousness as condition".

Therein, what is consciousness also with mentality as condition? Whatever consciousness, mind, mental state, etc. corresponding mind-consciousness element - this is called "consciousness also with mentality as condition".

Therein, what is the sixth sense base with mentality as condition? Whatever consciousness, mind, mental state, etc. corresponding mind-consciousness element - this is called "the sixth sense base with mentality as condition".

Therein, what is mentality with the sixth sense base as condition? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - this is called "mentality with the sixth sense base as condition".

Therein, what is the sixth sense base with contact as condition? Whatever consciousness, mind, mental state, etc. corresponding mind-consciousness element - this is called "the sixth sense base with contact as condition".

Therein, what is contact with feeling as condition? Whatever contact, touching, contacting, the state of having contacted - this is called "contact with feeling as condition".

Therein, what is craving with feeling as condition? Whatever lust, passion, etc. mental passion - this is called "craving with feeling as condition".

Therein, what is feeling with craving as condition? Whatever mental comfort, mental happiness, comfortable and pleasant feeling born of mind-contact, comfortable and pleasant feeling born of mind-contact - this is called "feeling with craving as condition".

Therein, what is clinging with craving as condition? Whatever view, wrong view, etc. sphere of sectarian doctrines, perverted grasp - this is called "clinging with craving as condition".

Therein, what is craving with clinging as condition? Whatever lust, etc. mental passion - this is called "craving with clinging as condition".

274. At that time with ignorance as condition, activity; and with activity as condition, ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness; and with consciousness as condition, activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality; and with mentality as condition, consciousness; with mentality as condition, contact; and with contact as condition, mentality; with contact as condition, feeling; and with feeling as condition, contact; with feeling as condition, craving; and with craving as condition, feeling; with craving as condition, clinging; and with clinging as condition, craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

275. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called "ignorance".

Therein, what is activity with ignorance as condition? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity with ignorance as condition".

Therein, what is activity also with consciousness as condition? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity also with consciousness as condition".

Therein, what is contact with mentality as condition? Whatever contact, touching, contacting, the state of having contacted - this is called "contact with mentality as condition".

Therein, what is mentality with contact as condition? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness - this is called "mentality with contact as condition", etc. Therefore it is said "thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering."

276. At that time with ignorance as condition, activity; and with activity as condition, ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness; and with consciousness as condition, activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality-materiality; and with mentality-materiality as condition, consciousness; with mentality-materiality as condition, the sixth sense base; and with the sixth sense base as condition, mentality-materiality; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; and with contact as condition, the sixth sense base; with contact as condition, feeling; and with feeling as condition, contact; with feeling as condition, craving; and with craving as condition, feeling; with craving as condition, clinging; and with clinging as condition, craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

277. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called "ignorance".

Therein, what is activity with ignorance as condition? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity with ignorance as condition".

Therein, what is activity also with consciousness as condition? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity also with consciousness as condition".

Consciousness also with mentality-materiality as condition. There is mentality, there is materiality. Therein, what is mentality? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - this is called "mentality". Therein, what is materiality? Whatever matter in dependence on which the mind-consciousness element occurs - this is called "materiality". Thus this mentality and this materiality. This is called "mentality-materiality".

Therein, what is consciousness also with mentality-materiality as condition? Whatever consciousness, mind, mental state, etc. corresponding mind-consciousness element - this is called "consciousness also with mentality-materiality as condition".

Therein, what is mentality-materiality also with the sixth sense base as condition? There is mentality, there is materiality. Therein, what is mentality? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - this is called "mentality". Therein, what is materiality? Production of the eye sense base, production of the ear sense base, production of the nose sense base, production of the tongue sense base, production of the body sense base, or whatever other matter there is that is mind-produced, consciousness-rooted, consciousness-originated - this is called "materiality". Thus this mentality and this materiality. This is called "mentality-materiality also with the sixth sense base as condition".

278. At that time with ignorance as condition, activity; and with activity as condition, ignorance; with activity as condition, consciousness; and with consciousness as condition, activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality-materiality; and with mentality-materiality as condition, consciousness; with mentality-materiality as condition, the six sense bases; and with the sixth sense base as condition, mentality-materiality; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; and with contact as condition, the sixth sense base; with contact as condition, feeling; and with feeling as condition, contact; with feeling as condition, craving; and with craving as condition, feeling; with craving as condition, clinging; and with clinging as condition, craving; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

279. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called "ignorance".

Therein, what is activity with ignorance as condition? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity with ignorance as condition".

Therein, what is activity also with consciousness as condition? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity also with consciousness as condition".

Therein, what is mentality-materiality with consciousness as condition? There is mentality, there is materiality. Therein, what is mentality? The aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities - this is called mentality. Therein, what is materiality? Production of the eye sense base, production of the ear sense base, production of the nose sense base, production of the tongue sense base, production of the body sense base, or whatever other matter there is that is mind-produced, consciousness-rooted, consciousness-originated - this is called "materiality". Thus this mentality and this materiality. This is called "mentality-materiality with consciousness as condition".

The Tetrad of Mutuality.

9. Description of Unwholesome

280. What mental states are unwholesome? At whatever time unwholesome consciousness has arisen, accompanied by pleasure, associated with wrong view, with prompting, etc. accompanied by pleasure, dissociated from wrong view, having a visual object, or etc. accompanied by pleasure, dissociated from wrong view, with prompting, having a visual object, or having a sound as object, or having an odour as object, or having a flavour as object, or having a tangible object as object, or having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, at that time with ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, craving; with craving as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

281. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called "ignorance".

Therein, what is activity with ignorance as condition? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called activity with ignorance as condition, etc.

Therein, what is decision with craving as condition? Whatever decision of the mind, deciding, the state of being decided upon that - this is called "decision with craving as condition".

Therein, what is existence with decision as condition? Having set aside decision, the aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness - this is called "existence with decision as condition", etc. Therefore it is said "thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering."

282. What mental states are unwholesome? At whatever time unwholesome consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, associated with wrong view, having a visual object, or having a sound as object, or having an odour as object, or having a flavour as object, or having a tangible object as object, or having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, at that time with ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, craving; with craving as condition, clinging; with clinging as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

283. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called ignorance, etc.

Therein, what is feeling with contact as condition? Whatever mental feeling that is neither comfortable nor uncomfortable, neither-unpleasant-nor-pleasant feeling born of mind-contact, neither-unpleasant-nor-pleasant feeling born of mind-contact - this is called "feeling with contact as condition", etc. Therefore it is said "thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering."

284. What mental states are unwholesome? At whatever time unwholesome consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, associated with wrong view, with prompting, etc. accompanied by equanimity, dissociated from wrong view, having a visual object, or etc. accompanied by equanimity, dissociated from wrong view, with prompting, having a visual object, or having a sound as object, or having an odour as object, or having a flavour as object, or having a tangible object as object, or having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, at that time with ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, craving; with craving as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

285. Therein, what is ignorance? Etc. Therefore it is said "thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering."

286. What mental states are unwholesome? At whatever time unwholesome consciousness has arisen, accompanied by displeasure, associated with aversion, having a visual object, or etc. accompanied by displeasure, associated with aversion, with prompting, having a visual object, or having a sound as object, or having an odour as object, or having a flavour as object, or having a tangible object as object, or having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, at that time with ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, aversion; with aversion as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

287. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called "ignorance", etc. this is called "contact with the sixth sense base as condition".

Therein, what is feeling with contact as condition? Whatever mental discomfort, mental pain, uncomfortable and painful feeling born of mind-contact, uncomfortable and painful feeling born of mind-contact - this is called "feeling with contact as condition".

Therein, what is aversion with feeling as condition? Whatever resentment of the mind, etc. ferocity, harshness, displeasure of consciousness - this is called "aversion with feeling as condition".

Therein, what is decision with aversion as condition? Whatever decision of the mind, deciding, the state of being decided upon that - this is called "decision with aversion as condition".

288. What mental states are unwholesome? At whatever time unwholesome consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, associated with sceptical doubt, having a visual object, or having a sound as object, or having an odour as object, or having a flavour as object, or having a tangible object as object, or having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, at that time with ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, sceptical doubt; with sceptical doubt as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

289. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called "ignorance", etc. this is called "contact with the sixth sense base as condition".

Therein, what is sceptical doubt with feeling as condition? Whatever uncertainty, the act of being uncertain, the state of being uncertain, doubt, sceptical doubt, uncertainty, crossroad, wavering, lack of definite grasping, trembling, crawling about, non-penetration, trepidation of consciousness, mental perplexity - this is called "sceptical doubt with feeling as condition".

Therein, what is existence with sceptical doubt as condition? Having set aside sceptical doubt, the aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness - this is called "existence with sceptical doubt as condition", etc. Therefore it is said "thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering."

290. What mental states are unwholesome? At whatever time unwholesome consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, associated with restlessness, having a visual object, or having a sound as object, or having an odour as object, or having a flavour as object, or having a tangible object as object, or having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, at that time with ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, restlessness; with restlessness as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

291. Therein, what is ignorance? Whatever not knowing, non-seeing, etc. bar of ignorance, delusion, unwholesome root - this is called "ignorance", etc. this is called "contact with the sixth sense base as condition".

Therein, what is restlessness with feeling as condition? Whatever restlessness of the mind, non-appeasement, distraction of the mind, turmoil of the mind - this is called "restlessness with feeling as condition".

Therein, what is decision with restlessness as condition? Whatever decision of the mind, deciding, the state of being decided upon that - this is called "decision with restlessness as condition".

Description of unwholesome.

10. Description of Wholesome

292. What mental states are wholesome? At whatever time wholesome consciousness of the sensual sphere has arisen, accompanied by pleasure, associated with knowledge, having a visual object, or having a sound as object, or having an odour as object, or having a flavour as object, or having a tangible object as object, or having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, at that time with wholesome root as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

293. Therein, what are the wholesome roots? Non-greed, non-hate, non-delusion.

Therein, what is non-greed? Whatever is non-greed, non-coveting, the state of not coveting, absence of lust, absence of attachment, the state of being without attachment, non-covetousness, non-greed as a wholesome root - this is called "non-greed".

Therein, what is non-hate? Whatever is non-hate, non-hating, the state of not hating, non-anger, non-affliction, non-hate as a wholesome root - this is called "non-hate".

Therein, what is non-delusion? Whatever wisdom, understanding, etc. non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view - this is called "non-delusion". These are called "wholesome roots".

Therein, what is activity with wholesome root as condition? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity with wholesome root as condition".

Therein, what is consciousness with activity as condition, etc. with consciousness as condition, mentality, etc. with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base, etc. with the sixth sense base as condition, contact, etc. with contact as condition, feeling, etc. this is called "feeling with contact as condition".

Therein, what is confidence with feeling as condition? Whatever faith, believing, confidence, devotion - this is called "confidence with feeling as condition".

Therein, what is decision with confidence as condition? Whatever decision of the mind, deciding, the state of being decided upon that - this is called "decision with confidence as condition".

294. What mental states are wholesome? At whatever time wholesome consciousness of the sensual sphere has arisen, accompanied by pleasure, associated with knowledge, with prompting, having a visual object, or etc. accompanied by pleasure, dissociated from knowledge, having a visual object, or etc. accompanied by pleasure, dissociated from knowledge, with prompting, having a visual object, or having a sound as object, or having an odour as object, or having a flavour as object, or having a tangible object as object, or having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, at that time with wholesome root as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

295. Therein, what are the wholesome roots? Non-greed, non-hate.

Therein, what is non-hate? Whatever is non-hate, non-hating, the state of not hating, non-anger, non-affliction, non-hate as a wholesome root - this is called "non-hate". These are called "wholesome roots".

Therein, what is activity with wholesome root as condition? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity with wholesome root as condition", etc. this is called "contact with the sixth sense base as condition".

296. What mental states are wholesome? At whatever time wholesome consciousness of the sensual sphere has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, associated with knowledge, having a visual object, or etc. accompanied by equanimity, associated with knowledge, with prompting, having a visual object, or having a sound as object, or having an odour as object, or having a flavour as object, or having a tangible object as object, or having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, at that time with wholesome root as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

297. Therein, what are the wholesome roots? Non-greed, non-hate, non-delusion - these are called "wholesome roots".

What mental states are wholesome? At whatever time wholesome consciousness of the sensual sphere has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, dissociated from knowledge, having a visual object, or etc. accompanied by equanimity, dissociated from knowledge, with prompting, having a visual object, or having a sound as object, or having an odour as object, or having a flavour as object, or having a tangible object as object, or having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, at that time with wholesome root as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

299. Therein, what are the wholesome roots? Non-greed, non-hate - these are called "wholesome roots".

Therein, what is activity with wholesome root as condition? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity with wholesome root as condition", etc. Therefore it is said "thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering."

300. What mental states are wholesome? At whatever time one develops the path for rebirth in the fine-material realm, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, etc. one enters and dwells in the first meditative absorption, the earth kasiṇa, at that time with wholesome root as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

301. Therein, what are the wholesome roots? Non-greed, non-hate, non-delusion - these are called "wholesome roots".

Therein, what is activity with wholesome root as condition? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity with wholesome root as condition", etc. Therefore it is said "thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering."

302. What mental states are wholesome? At whatever time one develops the path for rebirth in the immaterial world, having completely transcended the plane of nothingness, accompanied by perception of the plane of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, with the abandoning of pleasure, etc. one enters and dwells in the fourth meditative absorption, at that time with wholesome root as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

303. Therein, what are the wholesome roots? Non-greed, non-hate, non-delusion - these are called "wholesome roots".

304. What mental states are wholesome? At whatever time one develops supramundane meditative absorption, leading to liberation, leading to non-accumulation, for the abandoning of wrong views, for the attainment of the first plane, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, etc. one enters and dwells in the first meditative absorption, which is of difficult practice and sluggish direct knowledge, at that time with wholesome root as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of these mental states.

305. Therein, what are the wholesome roots? Non-greed, non-hate, non-delusion.

Therein, what is non-greed, etc. non-hate, etc. non-delusion? Whatever wisdom, understanding, etc. non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view, enlightenment factor of investigation of phenomena, path factor, included in the path - this is called "non-delusion". These are called "wholesome roots".

Therein, what is confidence with feeling as condition? Whatever faith, believing, confidence, devotion - this is called "confidence with feeling as condition".

Therein, what is decision with confidence as condition? Whatever decision of the mind, deciding, the state of being decided upon that - this is called "decision with confidence as condition".

Therein, what is existence with decision as condition? Having set aside decision, the aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness - this is called "existence with decision as condition", etc. this is called "ageing and death with birth as condition".

Thus is the origin of these mental states. Thus there is the association of these mental states, there is the meeting, there is the combination, there is the manifestation. Therefore it is said "thus is the origin of these mental states."

Description of wholesome.

11. Description of Indeterminate

306. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time resultant eye-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having a visual object, as a result of wholesome action of the sensual sphere having been done and accumulated, at that time with volitional activities as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

307. Therein, what is activity? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity".

Therein, what is consciousness with activities as condition? Whatever consciousness, mind, mental state, etc. corresponding eye-consciousness element - this is called "consciousness with activities as condition".

Therein, what is the sixth sense base with mentality as condition? Whatever consciousness, mind, mental state, etc. corresponding eye-consciousness element - this is called "the sixth sense base with mentality as condition".

Therein, what is existence with feeling as condition? Having set aside feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental activities, the aggregate of consciousness - this is called "existence with feeling as condition", etc. Therefore it is said "thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering."

308. At that time, with activities as condition, consciousness rooted in activities; with consciousness as condition, mentality rooted in consciousness; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base rooted in mentality; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact rooted in the sixth sense base; with contact as condition, feeling rooted in contact; with feeling as condition, becoming; with becoming as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

309. At that time, with activities as condition, consciousness associated with activities; with consciousness as condition, mentality associated with consciousness; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base associated with mentality; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact associated with the sixth sense base; with contact as condition, feeling associated with contact; with feeling as condition, becoming; with becoming as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

310. At that time with volitional activities as condition, consciousness; and with consciousness as condition, activity; with consciousness as condition, mentality; and with mentality as condition, consciousness; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; and with the sixth sense base as condition, mentality; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; and with contact as condition, the sixth sense base; with contact as condition, feeling; and with feeling as condition, contact; with feeling as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

311. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time resultant ear-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having a sound as object, as a result of wholesome action of the sensual sphere having been done and accumulated, etc. nose-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having an odour as object, etc. tongue-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having a flavour as object, etc. body-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by pleasure, having a tangible object as object, at that time with volitional activities as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

312. Therein, what is activity? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity", etc. this is called "contact with the sixth sense base as condition".

Therein, what is feeling with contact as condition? Whatever bodily comfort, bodily happiness, comfortable and pleasant feeling born of body-contact, comfortable and pleasant feeling born of body-contact - this is called "feeling with contact as condition".

313. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time resultant mind-element has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having a visual object, or having a sound as object, or having an odour as object, or having a flavour as object, or having a tangible object as object, or referring to whatever else, as a result of wholesome action of the sensual sphere having been done and accumulated, at that time with volitional activities as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

314. Therein, what is activity? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity".

Therein, what is consciousness with activities as condition? Whatever consciousness, mind, mental state, etc. corresponding mind-element - this is called "consciousness with activities as condition", etc. this is called "contact with the sixth sense base as condition".

Therein, what is decision with feeling as condition? Whatever decision of the mind, deciding, the state of being decided upon that - this is called "decision with feeling as condition".

315. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, accompanied by pleasure, having a visual object, or having a sound as object, or having an odour as object, or having a flavour as object, or having a tangible object as object, or having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, as a result of wholesome action of the sensual sphere having been done and accumulated, at that time with volitional activities as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

316. Therein, what is activity? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity".

Therein, what is decision with feeling as condition? Whatever decision of the mind, deciding, the state of being decided upon that - this is called "decision with feeling as condition".

317. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having a visual object, or having a sound as object, or having an odour as object, or having a flavour as object, or having a tangible object as object, or having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, as a result of wholesome action of the sensual sphere having been done and accumulated, at that time with volitional activities as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

318. Therein, what is activity? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity".

Therein, what is decision with feeling as condition? Whatever decision of the mind, deciding, the state of being decided upon that - this is called "decision with feeling as condition".

319. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, as a result of wholesome action of the sensual sphere having been done and accumulated, accompanied by pleasure, associated with knowledge, etc. accompanied by pleasure, associated with knowledge, with prompting, etc. accompanied by pleasure, dissociated from knowledge, etc. accompanied by pleasure, dissociated from knowledge, with prompting, etc. accompanied by equanimity, associated with knowledge, etc. accompanied by equanimity, associated with knowledge, with prompting, etc. accompanied by equanimity, dissociated from knowledge, etc. accompanied by equanimity, dissociated from knowledge, with prompting, having a visual object, or etc. having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, at that time with volitional activities as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

320. Therein, what is activity? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity".

Therein, what is confidence with feeling as condition? Whatever faith, believing, confidence, devotion - this is called "confidence with feeling as condition".

Therein, what is decision with confidence as condition? Whatever decision of the mind, deciding, the state of being decided upon that - this is called "decision with confidence as condition".

321. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time one develops the path for rebirth in the fine-material realm, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, etc. one enters and dwells in the first meditative absorption, the earth kasiṇa, at that time there is contact, etc. there is non-distraction - these mental states are wholesome.

As a result of that very wholesome action of the fine-material-sphere having been done and accumulated, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, etc. one enters and dwells in the first meditative absorption, the earth kasiṇa, at that time with volitional activities as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

322. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time one develops the path for rebirth in the immaterial world, having completely transcended the plane of nothingness, accompanied by perception of the plane of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, with the abandoning of pleasure, etc. one enters and dwells in the fourth meditative absorption, at that time there is contact, etc. there is non-distraction - these mental states are wholesome.

As a result of that very wholesome action of the immaterial-sphere of existence having been done and accumulated, having completely transcended the plane of nothingness, accompanied by perception of the plane of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, with the abandoning of pleasure, etc. one enters and dwells in the fourth meditative absorption, at that time with volitional activities as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

323. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time one develops supramundane meditative absorption, leading to liberation, leading to non-accumulation, for the abandoning of wrong views, for the attainment of the first plane, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, etc. one enters and dwells in the first meditative absorption, which is of difficult practice and sluggish direct knowledge, at that time there is contact, etc. there is non-distraction - these mental states are wholesome.

As a result of that very supramundane wholesome meditative absorption having been done and developed, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, etc. one enters and dwells in the first meditative absorption, which is of difficult practice and sluggish direct knowledge, at that time with volitional activities as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of these mental states.

324. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time resultant eye-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having a visual object, as a result of unwholesome action having been done and accumulated, etc. ear-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having a sound as object, etc. nose-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having an odour as object, etc. tongue-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having a flavour as object, etc. body-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by pain, having a tangible object as object, at that time with volitional activities as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

325. Therein, what is activity? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity".

Therein, what is consciousness with activities as condition? Whatever consciousness, mind, mental state, etc. corresponding body-consciousness element - this is called "consciousness with activities as condition", etc. this is called "contact with the sixth sense base as condition".

Therein, what is feeling with contact as condition? Whatever bodily discomfort, bodily pain, uncomfortable and painful feeling born of body-contact, uncomfortable and painful feeling born of body-contact - this is called "feeling with contact as condition".

326. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time resultant mind-element has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having a visual object, or having a sound as object, or having an odour as object, or having a flavour as object, or having a tangible object as object, or referring to whatever else, as a result of unwholesome action having been done and accumulated, at that time with volitional activities as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

327. Therein, what is activity? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called activity.

Therein, what is decision with feeling as condition? Whatever decision of the mind, deciding, the state of being decided upon that - this is called "decision with feeling as condition".

328. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having a visual object, or etc. having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, at that time with volitional activities as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

329. Therein, what is activity? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity".

330. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time mind-element has arisen, functional, neither wholesome nor unwholesome, and not a result of action, accompanied by equanimity, having a visual object, or etc. having a tangible object as object, or etc. mind-consciousness element has arisen, functional, neither wholesome nor unwholesome, and not a result of action, accompanied by pleasure, having a visual object, or etc. having a mental object as object, or etc. mind-consciousness element has arisen, functional, neither wholesome nor unwholesome, and not a result of action, accompanied by equanimity, having a visual object, or etc. having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, at that time with volitional activities as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

331. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time mind-consciousness element has arisen, functional, neither wholesome nor unwholesome, and not a result of action, accompanied by pleasure, associated with knowledge, etc. accompanied by pleasure, associated with knowledge, with prompting, etc. accompanied by pleasure, dissociated from knowledge, etc. accompanied by pleasure, dissociated from knowledge, with prompting, etc. accompanied by equanimity, associated with knowledge, etc. accompanied by equanimity, associated with knowledge, with prompting, etc. accompanied by equanimity, dissociated from knowledge, etc. accompanied by equanimity, dissociated from knowledge, with prompting, having a visual object, or etc. having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, at that time with volitional activities as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

332. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time one develops fine-material-sphere meditative absorption, functional, neither wholesome nor unwholesome, and not the result of action, for pleasant abiding in the present life, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, etc. one enters and dwells in the first meditative absorption, the earth kasiṇa, at that time with volitional activities as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

333. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time one develops immaterial-sphere meditative absorption, functional, neither wholesome nor unwholesome, and not the result of action, for pleasant abiding in the present life, having completely transcended the plane of nothingness, accompanied by perception of the plane of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, with the abandoning of pleasure, etc. one enters and dwells in the fourth meditative absorption, at that time with volitional activities as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

Description of indeterminate.

12. Description of Wholesome Rooted in Ignorance

334. What mental states are wholesome? At whatever time wholesome consciousness of the sensual sphere has arisen, accompanied by pleasure, associated with knowledge, having a visual object, or etc. having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, at that time with ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

335. Therein, what is activity with ignorance as condition? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity with ignorance as condition", etc. this is called "contact with the sixth sense base as condition".

Therein, what is confidence with feeling as condition? Whatever faith, believing, confidence, devotion - this is called "confidence with feeling as condition".

Therein, what is decision with confidence as condition? Whatever decision of the mind, deciding, the state of being decided upon that - this is called "decision with confidence as condition".

336. At that time, with ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

337. At that time, with ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality-materiality; with mentality-materiality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, becoming; with becoming as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

338. At that time, with ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality-materiality; with mentality-materiality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, becoming; with becoming as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

339. What mental states are wholesome? At whatever time wholesome consciousness of the sensual sphere has arisen, accompanied by pleasure, associated with knowledge, with prompting, etc. accompanied by pleasure, dissociated from knowledge, etc. accompanied by pleasure, dissociated from knowledge, with prompting, etc. accompanied by equanimity, associated with knowledge, etc. accompanied by equanimity, associated with knowledge, with prompting, etc. accompanied by equanimity, dissociated from knowledge, etc. accompanied by equanimity, dissociated from knowledge, with prompting, having a visual object, or etc. having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, at that time with ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

340. What mental states are wholesome? At whatever time one develops the path for rebirth in the fine-material realm, quite...Etc. He holds wrong view, holds wrong thought from sensual pleasures, etc. one enters and dwells in the first meditative absorption, the earth kasiṇa, at that time with ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

341. What mental states are wholesome? At whatever time one develops the path for rebirth in the immaterial world, having completely transcended the plane of nothingness, accompanied by perception of the plane of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, with the abandoning of pleasure, etc. one enters and dwells in the fourth meditative absorption, at that time with ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

342. What mental states are wholesome? At whatever time one develops supramundane meditative absorption, leading to liberation, leading to non-accumulation, for the abandoning of wrong views, for the attainment of the first plane, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, etc. one enters and dwells in the first meditative absorption, which is of difficult practice and sluggish direct knowledge, at that time with ignorance as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of these mental states.

Description of wholesome rooted in ignorance.

13. Description of Resultant Rooted in Wholesome

343. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time resultant eye-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having a visual object, as a result of wholesome action of the sensual sphere having been done and accumulated, at that time with wholesome root as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

344. Therein, what is activity with wholesome root as condition? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity with wholesome root as condition", etc. Therefore it is said "thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering."

345. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time resultant ear-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having a sound as object, as a result of wholesome action of the sensual sphere having been done and accumulated, etc. nose-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having an odour as object, etc. tongue-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having a flavour as object, etc. body-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by pleasure, having a tangible object as object, etc. mind-element has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having a visual object, or etc. having a tangible object as object, or etc. mind-consciousness element has arisen, accompanied by pleasure, having a visual object, or etc. having a mental object as object, or etc. mind-consciousness element has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having a visual object, or etc. having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, at that time with wholesome root as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

346. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, as a result of wholesome action of the sensual sphere having been done and accumulated, accompanied by pleasure, associated with knowledge, etc. accompanied by pleasure, associated with knowledge, with prompting, etc. accompanied by pleasure, dissociated from knowledge, etc. accompanied by pleasure, dissociated from knowledge, with prompting, etc. accompanied by equanimity, associated with knowledge, etc. accompanied by equanimity, associated with knowledge, with prompting, etc. accompanied by equanimity, dissociated from knowledge, etc. accompanied by equanimity, dissociated from knowledge, with prompting, having a visual object, or etc. having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, at that time with wholesome root as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

347. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time one develops the path for rebirth in the fine-material realm, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, etc. one enters and dwells in the first meditative absorption, the earth kasiṇa, at that time there is contact, etc. there is non-distraction - these mental states are wholesome.

As a result of that very wholesome action of the fine-material-sphere having been done and accumulated, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, etc. one enters and dwells in the first meditative absorption, the earth kasiṇa, at that time with wholesome root as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

348. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time one develops the path for rebirth in the immaterial world, having completely transcended the plane of nothingness, accompanied by perception of the plane of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, with the abandoning of pleasure, etc. one enters and dwells in the fourth meditative absorption, at that time there is contact, etc. there is non-distraction - these mental states are wholesome.

As a result of that very wholesome action of the immaterial-sphere of existence having been done and accumulated, having completely transcended the plane of nothingness, accompanied by perception of the plane of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, with the abandoning of pleasure, etc. one enters and dwells in the fourth meditative absorption, at that time with wholesome root as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

349. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time one develops supramundane meditative absorption, leading to liberation, leading to non-accumulation, for the abandoning of wrong views, for the attainment of the first plane, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, etc. one enters and dwells in the first meditative absorption, which is of difficult practice and sluggish direct knowledge, at that time there is contact, etc. there is non-distraction - these mental states are wholesome.

As a result of that very supramundane wholesome meditative absorption having been done and developed, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, etc. one enters and dwells in the first meditative absorption, which is of difficult practice and sluggish direct knowledge, empty, at that time with wholesome root as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, confidence; with confidence as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of these mental states.

Description of resultant rooted in wholesome.

14. Description of Resultant Rooted in Unwholesome

350. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time resultant eye-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having a visual object, as a result of unwholesome action having been done and accumulated, at that time with unwholesome root as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

351. Therein, what is activity with unwholesome root as condition? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity with unwholesome root as condition", etc. Therefore it is said "thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering."

352. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time resultant ear-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having a sound as object, as a result of unwholesome action having been done and accumulated, etc. nose-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having an odour as object, etc. tongue-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having a flavour as object, etc. body-consciousness has arisen, accompanied by pain, having a tangible object as object, etc. mind-element has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having a visual object, or etc. having a tangible object as object, or referring to whatever else, at that time with unwholesome root as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

353. What mental states are indeterminate? At whatever time resultant mind-consciousness element has arisen, accompanied by equanimity, having a visual object, or etc. having a mental object as object, or referring to whatever else, at that time with unwholesome root as condition, activity; with activity as condition, consciousness; with consciousness as condition, mentality; with mentality as condition, the sixth sense base; with the sixth sense base as condition, contact; with contact as condition, feeling; with feeling as condition, decision; with decision as condition, existence; with existence as condition, birth; with birth as condition, ageing and death. Thus is the origin of this whole mass of suffering.

354. Therein, what is activity with unwholesome root as condition? Whatever volition, volition, the state of intending - this is called "activity with unwholesome root as condition".

Therein, what is decision with feeling as condition? Whatever decision of the mind, deciding, the state of being decided upon that - this is called "decision with feeling as condition".

Therein, what is ageing and death with birth as condition? There is ageing, there is death. Therein, what is ageing? Whatever ageing, decaying, deterioration of life span of those various phenomena - this is called ageing. Therein, what is death? Whatever elimination, fall, breaking up, disintegration, impermanence, disappearance of those various phenomena - this is called "death". Thus this ageing and this death. This is called "ageing and death with birth as condition".

Description of resultant rooted in unwholesome.

The Higher Teaching Analysis.

The Analysis of Dependent Origination is concluded.

Next Chapter 7. Analysis of Establishments of Mindfulness

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6.

Analysis of Dependent Origination

1.

The Suttanta Classification

2.

The Abhidhamma Classification

1.

The Tetrad of Conditions

2.

The Tetrad of Roots

3.

The Tetrad of Association

4.

The Tetrad of Mutuality

The Matrix

5.

The Tetrad of Conditions

6.

The Tetrad of Roots

7.

The Tetrad of Association

8.

The Tetrad of Mutuality

9.

Description of Unwholesome

10.

Description of Wholesome

11.

Description of Indeterminate

12.

Description of Wholesome Rooted in Ignorance

13.

Description of Resultant Rooted in Wholesome

14.

Description of Resultant Rooted in Unwholesome

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