Questions and Answers on the Observance and So Forth
Questions on the Beginning, Middle and End
332.
What is the beginning of the legal act of Observance, what is the middle, what is the end?
What is the beginning of the legal act of invitation to admonish, what is the middle, what is the end?
What is the beginning of the legal act of censure, what is the middle, what is the end?
Of the legal act of guidance, etc.
of the act of banishment, etc.
of the legal act of reconciliation, etc.
of the legal act of suspension, etc.
of the giving of probation, etc.
of the sending back to the beginning, etc.
of the giving of penance, etc.
of rehabilitation, etc.
What is the beginning of the legal act of full ordination, what is the middle, what is the end?
What is the beginning of the revocation of the legal act of censure, what is the middle, what is the end?
What is the beginning of the revocation of the legal act of guidance, what is the middle, what is the end?
What is the beginning of the revocation of the act of banishment, what is the middle, what is the end?
What is the beginning of the revocation of the legal act of reconciliation, what is the middle, what is the end?
What is the beginning of the revocation of the legal act of suspension, what is the middle, what is the end?
What is the beginning of the verdict of innocence, what is the middle, what is the end?
What is the beginning of the verdict of past insanity, what is the middle, what is the end?
What is the beginning of the decision for specific depravity, what is the middle, what is the end?
What is the beginning of covering over as with grass, what is the middle, what is the end?
What is the beginning of the authorization as exhorter of nuns, what is the middle, what is the end?
What is the beginning of the authorization for non-separation from the three robes, what is the middle, what is the end?
What is the beginning of the authorization for having a rug, what is the middle, what is the end?
What is the beginning of the authorization as money remover, what is the middle, what is the end?
What is the beginning of the authorization as accepter of robes, what is the middle, what is the end?
What is the beginning of the authorization as accepter of bowls, what is the middle, what is the end?
What is the beginning of the authorization as to a walking staff, what is the middle, what is the end?
What is the beginning of the authorization for carrying a pingo-basket, what is the middle, what is the end?
What is the beginning of the authorization as to a walking staff with pingo-basket, what is the middle, what is the end?
Answers on the Beginning, Middle and End
333.
What is the beginning of the legal act of Observance, what is the middle, what is the end?
For the legal act of Observance, concord is the beginning, the function is the middle, completion is the end.
What is the beginning of the legal act of invitation to admonish, what is the middle, what is the end? For the legal act of invitation to admonish, concord is the beginning, the function is the middle, completion is the end.
What is the beginning of the legal act of censure, what is the middle, what is the end? For the legal act of censure, the case and the person are the beginning, the motion is the middle, the wording of the legal act is the end.
Of the legal act of guidance, etc. of the act of banishment, etc. of the legal act of reconciliation, etc. of the legal act of suspension, etc. of the giving of probation, etc. of the sending back to the beginning, etc. of the giving of penance, etc. What is the beginning of rehabilitation, what is the middle, what is the end? For rehabilitation, the case and the person are the beginning, the motion is the middle, the wording of the legal act is the end.
What is the beginning of the legal act of full ordination, what is the middle, what is the end? For the legal act of full ordination, the person is the beginning, the motion is the middle, the wording of the legal act is the end.
What is the beginning of the revocation of the legal act of censure, what is the middle, what is the end? For the revocation of the legal act of censure, proper conduct is the beginning, the motion is the middle, the wording of the legal act is the end.
Of the legal act of guidance, etc. of the act of banishment, etc. of the legal act of reconciliation, etc. What is the beginning of the revocation of the legal act of suspension, what is the middle, what is the end? For the revocation of the legal act of suspension, proper conduct is the beginning, the motion is the middle, the wording of the legal act is the end.
What is the beginning of the verdict of innocence, what is the middle, what is the end? For the verdict of innocence, the case and the person are the beginning, the motion is the middle, the wording of the legal act is the end.
Of the legal act of the verdict for one who is not insane, etc. of the decision for specific depravity, etc. of covering over as with grass, etc. of the authorization as exhorter of nuns, etc. of the authorization for non-separation from the three robes, etc. of the authorization for having a rug, etc. of the authorization as money remover, etc. of the authorization as accepter of robes, etc. of the authorization as accepter of bowls, etc. of the authorization as to a walking staff, etc. of the authorization for carrying a pingo-basket, etc. What is the beginning of the authorization as to a walking staff with pingo-basket, what is the middle, what is the end? For the authorization as to a walking staff with pingo-basket, the case and the person are the beginning, the motion is the middle, the wording of the legal act is the end.
The questions and answers on the Observance and so on are concluded.
The Exposition on Reasons
334.
Dependent on ten reasons a training rule has been laid down by the Tathāgata for disciples -
for the excellence of the Community, for the comfort of the Community, for the refutation of obstinate persons, for the comfortable abiding of well-behaved monks, for the restraint of mental corruptions pertaining to the present life, for the warding off of mental corruptions pertaining to the future life, for the confidence of those without confidence, for the increase of those with confidence, for the duration of the Good Teaching, for the support of the monastic discipline.
Whatever is for the excellence of the Community, that is for the comfort of the Community. Whatever is for the comfort of the Community, that is for the refutation of obstinate persons. Whatever is for the refutation of obstinate persons, that is for the comfortable abiding of well-behaved monks. Whatever is for the comfortable abiding of well-behaved monks, that is for the restraint of mental corruptions pertaining to the present life. Whatever is for the restraint of mental corruptions pertaining to the present life, that is for the warding off of mental corruptions pertaining to the future life. Whatever is for the warding off of mental corruptions pertaining to the future life, that is for the confidence of those without confidence. Whatever is for the confidence of those without confidence, that is for the increase of those with confidence. Whatever is for the increase of those with confidence, that is for the duration of the Good Teaching. Whatever is for the duration of the Good Teaching, that is for the support of the monastic discipline.
Whatever is for the excellence of the Community, that is for the comfort of the Community. Whatever is for the excellence of the Community, that is for the refutation of obstinate persons. Whatever is for the excellence of the Community, that is for the comfortable abiding of well-behaved monks. Whatever is for the excellence of the Community, that is for the restraint of mental corruptions pertaining to the present life. Whatever is for the excellence of the Community, that is for the warding off of mental corruptions pertaining to the future life. Whatever is for the excellence of the Community, that is for the confidence of those without confidence. Whatever is for the excellence of the Community, that is for the increase of those with confidence. Whatever is for the excellence of the Community, that is for the duration of the Good Teaching. Whatever is for the excellence of the Community, that is for the support of the monastic discipline.
Whatever is for the comfort of the Community, that is for the refutation of obstinate persons. Whatever is for the comfort of the Community, that is for the comfortable abiding of well-behaved monks. Whatever is for the comfort of the Community, that is for the restraint of mental corruptions pertaining to the present life. Whatever is for the comfort of the Community, that is for the warding off of mental corruptions pertaining to the future life. Whatever is for the comfort of the Community, that is for the confidence of those without confidence. Whatever is for the comfort of the Community, that is for the increase of those with confidence. Whatever is for the comfort of the Community, that is for the duration of the Good Teaching. Whatever is for the comfort of the Community, that is for the support of the monastic discipline. Whatever is for the comfort of the Community, that is for the excellence of the Community.
Whatever is for the refutation of obstinate persons, etc. whatever is for the comfortable abiding of well-behaved monks, whatever is for the restraint of mental corruptions pertaining to the present life, whatever is for the warding off of mental corruptions pertaining to the future life, whatever is for the confidence of those without confidence, whatever is for the increase of those with confidence, whatever is for the duration of the Good Teaching, whatever is for the support of the monastic discipline, that is for the excellence of the Community. Whatever is for the support of the monastic discipline, that is for the comfort of the Community. Whatever is for the support of the monastic discipline, that is for the refutation of obstinate persons. Whatever is for the support of the monastic discipline, that is for the comfortable abiding of well-behaved monks. Whatever is for the support of the monastic discipline, that is for the restraint of mental corruptions pertaining to the present life. Whatever is for the support of the monastic discipline, that is for the warding off of mental corruptions pertaining to the future life. Whatever is for the support of the monastic discipline, that is for the confidence of those without confidence. Whatever is for the support of the monastic discipline, that is for the increase of those with confidence. Whatever is for the support of the monastic discipline, that is for the duration of the Good Teaching.
Four hundred knowledges, in the connection of reasons.
The Exposition on Reasons is concluded.
The Great Chapter is concluded.
Its summary:
These sixteen for monks, and sixteen for nuns.
The invitation and reasons, this is the compendium of the Great Chapter.
The Exposition on Reasons is concluded.
The Collection of Verses
1.
Training Rules Laid Down in the Seven Cities
335.
As if hoping for something, why have you come here?
Come up for recitation on Observance days;
How many training rules are there;
In how many towns were they laid down?
Truly I shall declare to you, just as the skilled one does.
Come up for recitation on Observance days;
There are three and a half hundred of them;
Laid down in seven towns.
Come now, explain this to me;
Having listened to that way of speaking;
We might proceed for our welfare.
And in Kosambī, among the Sakyans, and among the Bhaggas were they laid down.
How many are there in Sāvatthī, how many were made in Āḷavī?
How many were laid down among the Bhaggas, tell me this when asked.
Two hundred and ninety-four, all were made in Sāvatthī.
Six were laid down in Āḷavī, eight were made in Kosambī;
Eight are said to be among the Sakyans, three were laid down among the Bhaggas.
Sexual intercourse, strife, further, extra and black.
And reviling among nuns, these ten were made at Vesālī.
Taking what is not given at Rājagaha, two intimidations and also two schisms.
Group meal and at improper time, practice, bathing, less than twenty.
Vulture Peak practice right there, with giving consent, twenty-one.
Four expulsions, sixteen entailing initial and subsequent meetings of the Community.
And one hundred and fifty-six, are called minor.
Two hundred and ninety-four, all were made in Sāvatthī.
Those laid down at Āḷavī, hear them according to truth;
Hut, silk, sleeping place, and in digging, shrub, deity;
And they sprinkle what contains living beings, these six were made at Āḷavī.
Large monastery, difficult to admonish, another door, and with intoxicating liquor;
Disrespect, with reason, with milk-drink as the eighth.
Goat wool and bowl, and exhortation and medicine.
Purification by water, exhortation, are said among nuns.
Having kindled a fire, they warm themselves, with food, with rice grains.
And seven involving forfeiture, eight, thirty-two minor.
Laid down in six cities, by the Buddha, kinsman of the sun.
By the compassionate Buddha, by Gotama of great fame.
2.
The Four Failures
336.
That you answered not otherwise;
I ask you another thing, please tell us that;
Heavy and light, and with remainder;
Without remainder, coarse and not coarse;
And those up to the third time.
And the classifications, by which settlements they are appeased;
Explain all these;
Come, let us hear your word.
Those that are heavy are coarse, those that are coarse - that is failure in morality;
Expulsion, entailing initial and subsequent meetings of the Community, are called "failure in morality".
Insulting speech, whoever reviles with the intention of making laugh;
This is considered failure in good conduct.
They misrepresent the Self-awakened One, unwise, wrapped in delusion;
This is considered failure in view.
Because of livelihood, for the sake of livelihood, having evil desires, overcome by desire, one extols a super-human achievement that is non-existent and not factual; because of livelihood, for the sake of livelihood, one engages in matchmaking; because of livelihood, for the sake of livelihood - One says "whoever dwells in your monastery, that monk is a Worthy One"; because of livelihood, for the sake of livelihood, a monk, having asked for sumptuous food for his own benefit, eats it; because of livelihood, for the sake of livelihood, a nun, having asked for sumptuous food for her own benefit, eats it; because of livelihood, for the sake of livelihood, when not sick, having asked for lentil curry or cooked rice for one's own benefit, one eats it. This is considered failure in livelihood.
Those who conform to a suspended monk, eight up to the third time;
Ariṭṭha and Caṇḍakāḷī, these are up to the third time.
3.
Requiring Cutting Off and So Forth
337.
How many requiring cutting off?
How many fit to be broken?
How many requiring tearing out?
How many expiations for no other reason?
How many authorizations of the monks?
How many proper courses?
How many maximums?
Six requiring cutting off. One fit to be broken. One requiring tearing out. Four expiations for no other reason. Four authorizations of the monks. Seven proper courses. Fourteen maximums.
4.
Not Shared and So Forth
338.
Come up for recitation on Observance days;
Three hundred and four training rules for nuns;
Come up for recitation on Observance days.
One hundred and thirty for nuns, not shared with monks.
One hundred and seventy-four, same training for both.
Come up for recitation on Observance days;
Hear them according to truth.
Two undetermined.
Four acknowledgements, seventy-five training rules.
Come up for recitation on Observance days.
Come up for recitation on Observance days, hear them according to truth.
Thirty involving forfeiture, one hundred and sixty-six are called minor.
These are three hundred and four training rules for nuns;
Come up for recitation on Observance days.
Hear them according to truth.
Twelve involving forfeiture, with those they become twenty.
These forty-six are not shared with nuns by monks.
Hear them according to truth.
Twelve involving forfeiture, and ninety-six minor;
Eight acknowledgements.
One hundred and seventy-six, not shared with both;
Hear them according to truth.
Two undetermined, twenty-four involving forfeiture;
And one hundred and eighteen, are called minor;
Twelve acknowledgements.
One hundred and seventy-four, the same training for both;
Hear them according to truth.
Eighteen involving forfeiture, seventy minor;
Seventy-five training rules.
The eight expulsions which are difficult to approach, comparable to a palm tree stump.
Like a palm tree with its crown cut off, they are without growth.
Forty-two involving forfeiture;
One hundred and eighty-eight expiations, twelve acknowledgements.
In the presence and by acknowledgement, and by covering over with grass.
Four actions taught by the Conqueror;
Five synopses, four there are;
Not otherwise, and seven classes of offences there are.
By two, by four, by three, an obligation by one is appeased.
5.
Offences Beginning with Expulsion
339.
Fallen, defeated, and dropped, indeed repudiated from the Good Teaching;
Communion also is not there, therefore it is thus called.
The Community itself gives probation, sends back to the beginning;
Gives penance, rehabilitates, therefore it is thus called.
Undetermined, not fixed, the rule is not definite;
One of three states, is called "undetermined".
One who confesses at the root of one, and one who accepts it;
There is no transgression equal to that, therefore it is thus called.
In the midst of the Community, in the midst of a group, and to one alone together;
Having forfeited, one confesses, therefore it is thus called.
It destroys the wholesome mental state, it offends against the noble path;
It is a state of confusing the mind, therefore it is thus called.
A monk being an unrelated person, food obtained with difficulty;
If he himself takes and eats, it is called "blameworthy".
Without preventing, if he eats there, it is called blameworthy.
If not sick he eats there, it is called blameworthy.
Eats there what is unknown, it is called blameworthy.
Ghee, oil, honey, molasses, fish, meat, and also milk;
A nun who asks for curds herself, has become blameworthy in the Fortunate One's Dispensation.
What is failed and missed, stumbled and wrong-doing.
They declare it as 'wrong-doing', therefore it is thus called.
Insulting speech, badly spoken, and whatever term is defiled;
And what the wise censure, therefore it is thus called.
For a trainee who is training, following the straight path.
There is no training such as this, therefore it is thus called.
Therefore open what is covered, thus it will not rain upon that.
Non-existence is the destination of phenomena, Nibbāna is the destination of the Worthy One.
The Collection of Verses.
Its summary:
Of monks and of nuns, common and not common;
For upholding the Dispensation, this is the collection of verses.
The Collection of Verses is concluded.